2001
DOI: 10.1002/pds.590
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The case–crossover and case–time‐control designs in pharmacoepidemiology

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Cited by 17 publications
(16 citation statements)
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“…This design is an extension of the case-crossover design first described by Maclure [22],[23], which compares within-patient exposure to a potential risk factor in the period immediately preceding a putative adverse event (the risk interval) to exposure during a different time (the reference interval). Because cases serve as their own controls, fixed patient characteristics are controlled for implicitly under this design [24],[25]. However, the case-crossover design can be vulnerable to spurious associations between a drug and an outcome owing to temporal trends in drug utilization.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This design is an extension of the case-crossover design first described by Maclure [22],[23], which compares within-patient exposure to a potential risk factor in the period immediately preceding a putative adverse event (the risk interval) to exposure during a different time (the reference interval). Because cases serve as their own controls, fixed patient characteristics are controlled for implicitly under this design [24],[25]. However, the case-crossover design can be vulnerable to spurious associations between a drug and an outcome owing to temporal trends in drug utilization.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Second, the risk associated with the exposure must rise and fall rapidly. These assumptions mean that the investigation of chronic diseases with long‐term therapy is unsuitable with this type of study …”
Section: Maximising the Results Of Op Studiesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The case‐crossover design is also sensitive to misspecification of the exposure window (see risk window bias) and if the drug is available over‐the‐counter, nonprescribed doses would be omitted from the patient's prescribing record leading to information bias. This study design is also prone to recall bias, if patients' recollections are used to define exposure rather than more objective measures, such as prescriptions …”
Section: Maximising the Results Of Op Studiesmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“… If severity, which is associated with drug use also increases (or decreases) within subjects over time, and does so differently for case and control subjects, what is believed to be the residual effect associated with the drug could well remain confounded to some extent [21,[24][25][26]  It usually produces effect estimates that are systematically lower than those from the case-control design [27]  The within subjects correlation induced by this design may result in less precise effect estimate. But the apparent loss is an artefact since the case-control approach produces biased estimates of drug effects, confounded by disease severity.…”
Section: Case-in-time Designmentioning
confidence: 99%