The case for a dorsal V3 in the ‘third-tier’ of primate visual cortex: a reply to ‘the case for a dorsomedial area in the primate ‘third-tier’ visual cortex’

Lyon, David C.

doi:10.1098/rspb.2012.1994

Cited by 3 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 28 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The difficulty in obtaining such evidence highlights, in our view, the main weakness of the pinched-V3 model: it fitted the expectation that a continuous area V3 exists, based on the history of investigation of the third tier visual cortex in macaques, at the time when the results were reported; however, it was not based on strong experimental evidence that disproved competing models. Instead, as discussed elsewhere (Rosa et al, 2005 ), we regard this model, and more in general any idea of a pinched V3 (Lyon, 2013 ), as not parsimonious in light of other lines of evidence. Nevertheless, based on the present review and that by Kaas and colleagues in this same special issue, it is clear that, while the simple V3-only model is dead, current data cannot refute two of the competing models, the “pinched-V3” and the “multiple-areas” model.…”

Section: Remaining Issues and Future Studiesmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…This complexity in topographic organization has been deemed a “possible aberration from microelectrode mapping” (Lyon, 2013 ), since it was not found in experiments using intrinsic signal imaging in owl monkeys (Lyon et al, 2002 ). However, we argue that single-unit mapping offers a higher resolution view of the topographic organization of the cortex, by providing direct evidence of the locations of receptive fields, and their changes over small distances.…”

Section: Receptive Field Mapping In the New World Monkey Third Tier Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9B ). Lyon ( 2013 ) has interpreted this label as “exhibiting a V3d-like characteristic pattern of connections”. However, as previously discussed in Jeffs et al ( 2013 ), this “V3-like” label pattern cannot be accounted for by the V3-only model, because there is no representation of the vertical meridian within this strip of cortex between dorsal V2 and DM.…”

Section: Connections Of the New World Monkey Third Tier Cortexmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been suggested that the evidence from imaging of retinotopic maps in monkeys and humans is overwhelmingly in favor of an elongated dorsal V3 directly adjoining V2 for most of its rostral border, in a manner that excludes area DM from the third tier visual cortex (Lyon, 2013 ). Although we believe that much still has to be learned about the dorsal cortex in Old World primates, a careful evaluation of the existing data in all studied simian primate species leads to the conclusion that there are at least two areas in the dorsal third tier cortex: a smaller area that is restricted to the dorsal component of the third visual complex, and a larger area that occupies the ventral component of this region and a substantial fraction of its dorsal component.…”

Section: Third Tier Areas In Old World Primates: Solved and Unresolvementioning

confidence: 99%

“…5 and 6). Finally, it is important to reassert the fact that these findings cannot be regarded as inconclusive on the basis that they could represent “also the pattern one would expect for a narrow V3d” (Lyon, 2013). As discussed above, even though in all models the first receptive fields recorded just rostral to V2 are predicted to include the visual field's horizontal meridian, support for the V3-only hypothesis would entail a very different progression of receptive field locations beyond this point.

Fig.…”

Section: Receptive Field Mapping In the New World Monkey Third Tier Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Resolving the organization of the third tier visual cortex in primates: A hypothesis-based approach

Angelucci

Rosa

2015

Vis Neurosci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

As highlighted by several contributions to this special issue, there is still ongoing debate about the number, exact location, and boundaries of the visual areas located in cortex immediately rostral to the second visual area (V2), i.e., the “third tier” visual cortex, in primates. In this review, we provide a historical overview of the main ideas that have led to four models of third tier cortex organization, which are at the center of today’s debate. We formulate specific predictions of these models, and compare these predictions with experimental evidence obtained primarily in New World primates. From this analysis, we conclude that only one of these models (the “multiple-areas” model) can accommodate the breadth of available experimental evidence. According to this model, most of the third tier cortex in New World primates is occupied by two distinct areas, both representing the full contralateral visual quadrant: the dorsomedial area (DM), restricted to the dorsal half of the third visual complex, and the ventrolateral posterior area (VLP), occupying its ventral half and a substantial fraction of its dorsal half. DM belongs to the dorsal stream of visual processing, and overlaps with macaque parietooccipital (PO) area (or V6), whereas VLP belongs to the ventral stream and overlaps considerably with area V3 proposed by others. In contrast, there is substantial evidence that is inconsistent with the concept of a single elongated area V3 lining much of V2. We also review the experimental evidence from macaque monkey and humans, and propose that, once the data are interpreted within an evolutionary-developmental context, these species share a homologous (but not necessarily identical) organization of the third tier cortex as that observed in New World monkeys. Finally, we identify outstanding issues, and propose experiments to resolve them, highlighting in particular the need for more extensive, hypothesis-driven investigations in macaque and humans.

show abstract

Section: Remaining Issues and Future Studiesmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Receptive Field Mapping In the New World Monkey Third Tier Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Connections Of the New World Monkey Third Tier Cortexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Third Tier Areas In Old World Primates: Solved and Unresolvementioning

confidence: 99%

Fig.…”

Section: Receptive Field Mapping In the New World Monkey Third Tier Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Resolving the organization of the third tier visual cortex in primates: A hypothesis-based approach

Angelucci

Rosa

2015

Vis Neurosci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Topographic organization of areas V3 and V4 and its relation to supra-areal organization of the primate visual system

Arcaro

Kästner

2015

Vis Neurosci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Areas V3 and V4 are commonly thought of as individual entities in the primate visual system, based on definition criteria such as their representation of visual space, connectivity, functional response properties, and relative anatomical location in cortex. Yet, large-scale functional and anatomical organization patterns not only emphasize distinctions within each area, but also links across visual cortex. Specifically, the visuotopic organization of V3 and V4 appears to be part of a larger, supra-areal organization, clustering these areas with early visual areas V1 and V2. In addition, connectivity patterns across visual cortex appear to vary within these areas as a function of their supra-areal eccentricity organization. This complicates the traditional view of these regions as individual functional “areas.” Here, we will review the criteria for defining areas V3 and V4 and will discuss functional and anatomical studies in humans and monkeys that emphasize the integration of individual visual areas into broad, supra-areal clusters that work in concert for a common computational goal. Specifically, we propose that the visuotopic organization of V3 and V4, which provides the criteria for differentiating these areas, also unifies these areas into the supra-areal organization of early visual cortex. We propose that V3 and V4 play a critical role in this supra-areal organization by filtering information about the visual environment along parallel pathways across higher-order cortex.

show abstract

Resolving the organization of the territory of the third visual area: A new proposal

et al. 2015

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In primates, the cortex adjoining the rostral border of V2 has been variously interpreted as belonging to a single visual area, V3, with dorsal V3 (V3d) representing the lower visual quadrant and ventral V3 (V3v) representing the upper visual quadrant, V3d and V3v constituting separate, incomplete visual areas, V3d and ventral posterior (VP), or V3d being divided into several visual areas, including a dorsomedial (DM) visual area, a medial visual area (M), and dorsal extension of VP (or VLP). In our view, the evidence from V1 connections strongly supports the contention that V3v and V3d are parts of a single visual area, V3, and that DM is a separate visual area along the rostral border of V3d. In addition, the retinotopy revealed by V1 connection patterns, microelectrode mapping, optical imaging mapping, and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fmri) mapping indicates that much of the proposed territory of V3d corresponds to V3. Yet, other evidence from microelectrode mapping and anatomical connection patterns supports the possibility of an upper quadrant representation along the rostral border of the middle of dorsal V2 (V2d), interpreted as part of DM or DM plus DI, and along the midline end of V2d, interpreted as the visual area M. While the data supporting these different interpretations appear contradictory, they also seem, to some extent, valid. We suggest that V3d may have a gap in its middle, possibly representing part of the upper visual quadrant that is not part of DM. In addition, another visual area, M, is likely located at the DM tip of V3d. There is no evidence for a similar disruption of V3v. For the present, we favor continuing the traditional concept of V3 with the possible modification of a gap in V3d in at least some primates.

show abstract

The case for a dorsal V3 in the ‘third-tier’ of primate visual cortex: a reply to ‘the case for a dorsomedial area in the primate ‘third-tier’ visual cortex’

Abstract: Invited replyCite this article: Lyon DC. 201 The case for a dorsal V3 in the 'third-tier' of primate visual cortex: a reply to 'the case for a dorsomedial area in the primate 'third-tier' visual cortex'.

Cited by 3 publications

References 28 publications

Resolving the organization of the third tier visual cortex in primates: A hypothesis-based approach

Resolving the organization of the third tier visual cortex in primates: A hypothesis-based approach

Topographic organization of areas V3 and V4 and its relation to supra-areal organization of the primate visual system

Resolving the organization of the territory of the third visual area: A new proposal

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About