2021
DOI: 10.4309/jgi.2021.46.15
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The Case for Uniform Loot Box Regulation: A New Classification Typology and Reform Agenda

Abstract: The recent exponential increase in the presence of loot boxes and other forms of microtransactions in online games, together with the consequential development of a “token economy,” have created regulatory challenges around the world. The similarities between loot boxes and traditional forms of gambling give rise to serious and long-term psychological and financial risks, particularly among a largely minor, vulnerable audience. Regulators must, therefore, decide whether loot boxes and microtransactions should … Show more

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Cited by 25 publications
(25 citation statements)
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“…In the USA there is no uniform legislation regarding this topic [ 28 ] and the United Kingdom have prohibited the use of loot boxes only if their contents can be sold outside of the videogame itself [ 29 ]. Other countries, such as China and South Korea, require game developers to disclose the odds of winning the prize [ 30 ]. Japan only prohibits some types of loot boxes, such as the “kompu gacha” (boxes with rare rewards that can only be unlocked after purchasing a collection of other loot box items) [ 31 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In the USA there is no uniform legislation regarding this topic [ 28 ] and the United Kingdom have prohibited the use of loot boxes only if their contents can be sold outside of the videogame itself [ 29 ]. Other countries, such as China and South Korea, require game developers to disclose the odds of winning the prize [ 30 ]. Japan only prohibits some types of loot boxes, such as the “kompu gacha” (boxes with rare rewards that can only be unlocked after purchasing a collection of other loot box items) [ 31 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A slightly different line of enquiry pursues possible causal connections between loot boxes and development of problem gambling: (Brooks & Clarke, 2019;Drummond et al, 2020;Garea et al, 2021;Zendle, 2019;Zendle & Cairns, 2018Zendle et al 2020a). Research indicates that problem gambling symptoms appear to be positively related to loot box purchases, although there is insufficient evidence to conclude that loot boxes are a "gateway" to problem gambling and causal connections will require further investigation (Delfabbro & King, 2020;Derrington et al, 2021).…”
Section: Loot Boxes and Gambling Techniquesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…(Xiao, 2021a(Xiao, , 2021b. Derrington et al propose a uniform approach to game categorization, based on an analysis of the known inherent risks of different formats of loot box game (Derrington et al, 2021). This framework recognises that the legal definition of gambling is a policy matter for different legislatures and focusses on the underlying game format to provide a new classification framework.…”
Section: Controlling the Loot Box: The "Consumer Crotection" Alternativementioning
confidence: 99%
“…Namun, karena barang yang didapatkan tidak sesuai dengan gamer dan free spin sudah habis dapat membuat mereka memiliki niat melakukan purchase sampai mendapatkan item tersebut terutama item itu bersifat limited. Kerangka kerja ini dirancang untuk membantu pembuat kebijakan dalam mencapai tujuan kesejahteraan pengguna sementara juga tidak terlalu membatasi kemampuan pengguna orang dewasa untuk membuat keputusan yang tepat mengenai kapan mereka bisa berpartisipasi dalam aktivitas seperti gacha atau campur tangan yang tidak pantas dengan upaya komersial yang sah dari pengembang game [2]. Kesimpulan menunjukkan bahwa jika gacha dipandang sebagai spectrum kekuatan diskusi dapat http://ejournal.upbatam.ac.id/index.php/cbis meningkatkan manfaat pemahaman semua system monetisasi dalam game [5].…”
Section: Permainanunclassified