The cashew’s brighter future

Morton, Julia F.

doi:10.1007/bf02906762

Cited by 27 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Cashew shell oil (CSO) is the main by-product of the cashew industry and makes up to 20-25% of the nut by weight (Ojeh, 1981). CSO has a variety of uses including friction modifying material, floor tiles, laminate resins, baking enamels, adhesives, paints, plastic industries, wood preservation, molluscicide and for medical purpose as a rubefacient in treating various skin diseases in tropical medicine (Morton 1961;Sullivan et al, 1982;Ojeh, 1981). Chemical components consist of anacardic acid (90%) and cardol (10%) (Trosko, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clastogenic and toxicological assessment of cashew (Anacardium occidentale) nut bark extracts in Wistar rats

et al. 2015

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Occupational exposures to environmental toxicants have been associated with the onset of skin lesions-including cancers. Identification and reduction of exposure to such compounds is an important public health goal. We examined the effect of cashew shell oil (CSO), used in skin tattooing for its potential to induce skin transformation in rats. Corn oil and CSO (25, 50, and 100%) were topically applied to depilated sections of Wistar' rat skin (groups: I-IV) for six weeks. Effect of treatments on serum transaminases activity, histological changes in hepatocytes and induction of micronuclei in the bone marrow were examined. In addition, CSO-induced hepatocyte proliferation was also quantified. All animals survived the course of the study. Reduced percentage change in body weight and physical trauma were observed in CSO-treated rat. The effects were more prominent in Group IV (100% CSO). Relative liver weights and number of hepatocytes (cells/mm(2)) increased significantly in groups II-IV relative to control (p < 0.05). Serum transaminases activities were not significantly (p > 0.05) affected in treated groups. Hepatic histopathology revealed moderate sinusoidal congestion (group II), in addition to portal congestion in (group III), with mononuclear cellular infiltration (group IV) animals. In addition, CSO induced significant micronuclei formation of polychromatic erythrocyte (mPCEs) in the rat bone marrow (p < 0.05) when compared with control. Topical application of CSO disrupted skin cells integrity resulting in physical trauma. In addition, CSO appears to be clastogenic and induces hepatocyte proliferation. Occupational exposure to CSO especially for engraving tattoos in humans should be discouraged and further studies need to be conducted.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clastogenic and toxicological assessment of cashew (Anacardium occidentale) nut bark extracts in Wistar rats

et al. 2015

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“…According to FALUYI (1984), cashew is an important economic tree, the improvement of which has only been given little or no attention despite its usefulness to mankind. This author and other authors like HOWTS (1953), JAIN et al (1954), MORTON (1961) and WOODROOF (1967) pointed out that cashew nuts are roasted for direct human consumption, the nut shell-liquid extracted for industrial uses and the apple processed for wine production. The usefulness of the crop cannot, therefore, be disputed and thus its genetic improvement is imperative.…”

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confidence: 94%

Investigations on Seedling Vigour in Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.)

Faluyi

1986

Plant Breeding

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Seedlings from 27 open pollinated cashew genotypes in two environments with five replications in each location were used to investigate the genetic, the environmental, and the nut size effects on cashew seedling vigour during the 12-week pretransplantation period.Environmental variances, genotype X environment interactions, and broadsense heritability values for the eight studied traits indicated that emergence percentage (E %J and seedling height (SH) were more reliable indices for seedling vigour, since they were more heritable and less influenced by the environment. Seedlings from large cashew nuts were consistently more vigorous than those from small nuts, probably because of the larger food reser\'e in the two cotyledons.Key words: Anacardiiim occidentale -seedling vigour -emergence percentage -surv^ival percentage -vegetative traits RAO ei al. (i957a, b), IBIKUNLE and KOMOLAFE (1973) and ROMOLAFE (1975) reported their research findings concerning viability of cashew nuts. TURNER (1956) showed that cashew nuts of greater density germinated more quickly than nuts of lower density. iBikL' NLi-. and KoMOL.Af' E recommended that cashew nuts which sank m water prior to sowing should be used in raising cashew seedlings and that cashew nuts should be soaked in water for 24 hours before sowing. These authors showed that nut size was an important factor in the germination of cashew nuts and that very small nuts weighing about 2.00 g would give a satisfactory germination. The experiments conducted by these authors were all on cashew germination and nothing was done concerning other important indicators of seedling vigour, such as, seedling stem girth, seedling height, leaf area and drv-matter accumulation by the seedlings.High emergence percentage (E %) which defines nut vigour or nut viability and high percentage needling survival (S %) followed by adequate vegetative vigour are of major importance for successful stand establishment in farm crops. Thus, selection for seedling vigour indicators should always be considered in any breeding programme designed to improve a crop species. For instance, many cashew plantations in Nigeria have poor cashew tree stands probably because of low vegetative vigour ol the seedlings. It is desirable, therefore, to investigate the extent to which the seedling vigour factors are genetically and environtnentally controlled. These investigations would help considerably in our efforts to select the right nut size, the right genotype and the right cnvironrnent for U.S. Copynsh. Ckar..nce C.nc.r Code St.u-m.n.: 01 79-9541/86/9703-0237$02.50/0

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“…Cashew, Anacardium occidentale L., a tree crop of considerable economic importance is predominantly a smallholders crop particularly in some East and West African countries, India and some parts of tropical America. HOWES (1953), MORTON (1961) and WooDROor (1967) have deseribed the food, medicinal and mdustrial uses of cashew products. One can confidently say therefore that the importance and potential of cashew have long been recognized and appreciated in many countries.…”

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confidence: 99%

Genetic Variability among Nut Yield Traits and Selection in Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.)

Faluyi

1987

Plant Breeding

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A study was conducted on eight nut traits within three genetically broad-based populations of cashew to determine the yield attributes that could be employed for selection ot high yielding and good quality cashew materials. The analyses indicated appreciable variation for the genotypes studied with nut count and its weight per tree contributing most towards the total divergence. The heritabiiity and the genetic advance estimates showed clearly that total nut yield weight per tree can be improved through individual tree selection. Also the computed correlation coefficient for the traits indicated that selections based on nut weight per tree would be effective as a selection criterion for both quantitative and qualitative yield characters. Kernel and shell weights, the two main economic components of cashew nut, were found to be closely correlated with an approximate ratio 1 : 2.

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The cashew’s brighter future

Cited by 27 publications

References 12 publications

Clastogenic and toxicological assessment of cashew (Anacardium occidentale) nut bark extracts in Wistar rats

Clastogenic and toxicological assessment of cashew (Anacardium occidentale) nut bark extracts in Wistar rats

Investigations on Seedling Vigour in Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.)

Genetic Variability among Nut Yield Traits and Selection in Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.)

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