The Catalytic Valorization of Lignin for the Production of Renewable Chemicals

Zakzeski, Joseph; Bruijnincx, Pieter C. A.; Jongerius, A.; Weckhuysen, Bert M.

doi:10.1021/cr900354u

Cited by 3,933 publications

(3,459 citation statements)

References 267 publications

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“…As a consequence of the harsh reaction conditions, significant modifications in the native lignin take place. Technical Kraft lignin is characterized by inertness and degradation robustness, which complicates the selective degradation 87, 88…”

Section: Electroconversion Of Renewablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modern Electrochemical Aspects for the Synthesis of Value‐Added Organic Products

et al. 2018

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The use of electricity instead of stoichiometric amounts of oxidizers or reducing agents in synthesis is very appealing for economic and ecological reasons, and represents a major driving force for research efforts in this area. To use electron transfer at the electrode for a successful transformation in organic synthesis, the intermediate radical (cation/anion) has to be stabilized. Its combination with other approaches in organic chemistry or concepts of contemporary synthesis allows the establishment of powerful synthetic methods. The aim in the 21st Century will be to use as little fossil carbon as possible and, for this reason, the use of renewable sources is becoming increasingly important. The direct conversion of renewables, which have previously mainly been incinerated, is of increasing interest. This Review surveys many of the recent seminal important developments which will determine the future of this dynamic emerging field.

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Section: Electroconversion Of Renewablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modern Electrochemical Aspects for the Synthesis of Value‐Added Organic Products

et al. 2018

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“…1 Lignin is liberated during physicochemical pretreatment of biomass for cellulosic bioethanol production, and is also produced industrially from pulp/paper manufacture via the Kraft process, but is currently a low value byproduct that is burnt for energy or used in the production of concrete, asphalt, and polymeric materials. 1,2 The aromatic content of lignin is a potentially valuable source of renewable aromatic chemicals, and the valorisation of lignin via either chemical or biocatalytic routes is of considerable current interest, but has proved very challenging. 2 Microbial degradation of lignin has been mainly studied in basidiomycete fungi: white-rot fungi such as Phanerochaete chrysosporium produce extracellular lignin peroxidase and manganese peroxidase enzymes that can oxidise lignin, and some fungi produce extracellular laccases that can also attack lignin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Manganese Superoxide Dismutase from Sphingobacterium sp. T2 as a Novel Bacterial Enzyme for Lignin Oxidation

et al. 2015

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Copyright and reuse:The Warwick Research Archive Portal (WRAP) makes this work of researchers of the University of Warwick available open access under the following conditions. Copyright © and all moral rights to the version of the paper presented here belong to the individual author(s) and/or other copyright owners. To the extent reasonable and practicable the material made available in WRAP has been checked for eligibility before being made available.Copies of full items can be used for personal research or study, educational, or not-forprofit purposes without prior permission or charge. Provided that the authors, title and full bibliographic details are credited, a hyperlink and/or URL is given for the original metadata page and the content is not changed in any way. Publisher's statement:This document is the Accepted Manuscript version of a Published Work that appeared in final form in ACS Chemical Biology, copyright © American Chemical Society after peer review and technical editing by the publisher. To access the final edited and published work see: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acschembio.5b00298The version presented here may differ from the published version or, version of record, if you wish to cite this item you are advised to consult the publisher's version. Please see the 'permanent WRAP url' above for details on accessing the published version and note that access may require a subscription. centre ligated by three His, one Asp and a water/hydroxide in each active site. We propose that the lignin oxidation reactivity of these enzymes is due to the production of hydroxyl radical, a highly reactive oxidant. This is the first demonstration that MnSOD is a microbial lignin-oxidising enzyme.3

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“…100 units comprise $50% of linkages in softwood trees and 60% of hardwood linkages. 101 Generally, the propensity for common covalent connections in Figure 10 decreases as follows:…”

Section: Part 4: Aromatic Monomersmentioning

confidence: 99%

How well can renewable resources mimic commodity monomers and polymers?

Mathers

2011

J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem.

223

100

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This highlight discusses the recent progress aimed at maximizing the potential of biomass for commodity monomers and polymers. These efforts are no longer solely academic issues. In recent years, a variety of alkene, diene, aromatic, and condensation type monomers have utilized renewable resources, such as cellulose, lignin, plant oils, starches, and monoterpenes in commercial polymers. Generally, these multifaceted efforts involve pretreatment of biomass with thermal, chemical, or physical methods followed by a catalyst sequence that entails a combination of acid-catalysis, bio-catalysis, or metal-based catalysis. In this regard, synthesis strategies for ethylene, propylene, a-olefins, methylmethacrylate, 1,3-butadiene, 1,3-cyclohexadiene, isoprene, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, and terephthalic acid are discussed as well as opportunities for other renewable-based monomers. V C 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 50: [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] 2012

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The Catalytic Valorization of Lignin for the Production of Renewable Chemicals

Cited by 3,933 publications

References 267 publications

Modern Electrochemical Aspects for the Synthesis of Value‐Added Organic Products

Modern Electrochemical Aspects for the Synthesis of Value‐Added Organic Products

Identification of Manganese Superoxide Dismutase from Sphingobacterium sp. T2 as a Novel Bacterial Enzyme for Lignin Oxidation

How well can renewable resources mimic commodity monomers and polymers?

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