The Catecholamine Hypothesis of Affective Disorders: A Review of Supporting Evidence

Schildkraut, Joseph J.

doi:10.1176/ajp.122.5.509

Cited by 3,230 publications

(1,084 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The monoamine hypothesis of depression was first formulated 40 years ago (Schildkraut, 1965). For instance, levels of the major serotonin metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) have been reported to be lower than normal in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with depression (Cheetham et al, 1991), although this is not a consistent finding (Gjerris, 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of BDNF Serum Concentrations with Central Serotonergic Activity: Evidence from Auditory Signal Processing

Lang

Hellweg

Gallinat

2005

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Disturbances of serotonergic neurotransmission in the brain have been implicated in the pathogenesis and maintenance of several psychiatric disorders. According to recent preclinical and clinical studies, the loudness dependence of auditory evoked potentials (LD) is related to the central serotonergic neurotransmission in humans. As the serotonergic phenotype has been reported to be associated with brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), we studied whether BDNF serum concentrations are related to LD in 109 healthy human volunteers (62 male, 47 female, age: 42.5713.1 years). Pearson correlation showed a significant negative correlation between the BDNF serum concentrations and the LD measured at Fz (r ¼ À0.259, p ¼ 0.007) and a trend for the Cz electrode (r ¼ À0.185, p ¼ 0.055). Although this association needs to be replicated, the results are in line with the assumption that low serum BDNF levels reflect low central serotonergic neurotransmission as indicated by a strong LD.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of BDNF Serum Concentrations with Central Serotonergic Activity: Evidence from Auditory Signal Processing

Lang

Hellweg

Gallinat

2005

Neuropsychopharmacol

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“…Frequency domain analyses of neurochemical time series data should help to refine and reconcile models of neurochemical dysfunction in depression, for example, the catecholamine deficit (Schildkraut, 1965) or the phaseadvance (Wehr et al, 1980) models. The Fourier transformation displays the relative strengths of various frequencies in a set of coefficients for specific wavelengths, analogous to marking signal strengths along an FM radio dial.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment Enhances Ultradian Rhythms of CSF Monoamine Metabolites in Patients with Major Depressive Episodes

Salomon

Kennedy

Johnson

et al. 2005

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Unipolar and bipolar depressions show abnormal behavioral manifestations of ultradian (less than 24 h) rhythms, but abnormal rhythms of the central neurotransmitters thought to be important for depression pathophysiology (eg dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT)) have not been shown in this time frame. Since antidepressant treatments normalize disrupted rhythms in depression (eg rapid-eyemovement sleep and hormonal rhythms), we hypothesized that depression-related changes in ultradian oscillations of DA and 5-HT might be revealed during antidepressant treatment. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples collected q10 min for 24 h in 13 patients experiencing major depressive episodes (MDE) before and after treatment for 5 weeks with sertraline or bupropion were assayed for levels of homovanillic acid (HVA) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), and their ratio was calculated. Data were analyzed in the frequency domain using Fourier transforms and multivariate permutation testing. Antidepressant treatments were associated with decreased variance for 5-HIAA, increased variance for HVA, and markedly increased variance for the HVA : 5-HIAA ratio (po0.05, po0.02, and po0.003, respectively). With treatment, the correlations between 5-HIAA and HVA weakened (p ¼ 0.06). Power spectral density (PSDFthe Fourier magnitude squared) of the 5-HIAA signals at periods of 1.75 and 3.7 h (both po0.05) decreased, while circadian cycling of HVA levels (po0.05) and of the ratio (po0.005) increased after treatment. The PSD of the full-length HVA : 5-HIAA ratio series after treatment increased in rapid variability (20-103 min periods, po0.05). Spectrographic windowing demonstrated a focal span of enhanced HVA : 5-HIAA ratio variability following antidepressant treatment, in an approximately 84-min period through the evening (po0.05). Periodic neurotransmitter relationships in depressed patients were altered by treatment in this analysis of a small data set. This may represent a baseline abnormality in the regulation of periodic functions involved in the depression pathophysiology, but it could also be due to an unrelated antidepressant effect. Further studies including comparisons with healthy subject data are in progress.

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“…Serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) neuronal pathways in the central nervous system are involved in the mechanism of action of antidepressant drugs and, additionally, they may be involved in the pathogenesis of depression (Schildkraut 1965;Blier and de Montigny 1994;Delgado et al 1990Delgado et al , 1993. However, antidepressant therapies that activate 5-HT or NE pathways have a latency of two to three weeks in response and only about 70-80% of patients are responders (Roose et al 1986;Thase and Rush 1995).…”

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confidence: 99%

Comparative Affinity of Duloxetine and Venlafaxine for Serotonin and Norepinephrine Transporters in vitro and in vivo, Human Serotonin Receptor Subtypes, and Other Neuronal Receptors

Bymaster

Dreshfield-Ahmad

Threlkeld

et al. 2001

Neuropsychopharmacology

659

305

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The Catecholamine Hypothesis of Affective Disorders: A Review of Supporting Evidence

Cited by 3,230 publications

References 10 publications

Association of BDNF Serum Concentrations with Central Serotonergic Activity: Evidence from Auditory Signal Processing

Association of BDNF Serum Concentrations with Central Serotonergic Activity: Evidence from Auditory Signal Processing

Treatment Enhances Ultradian Rhythms of CSF Monoamine Metabolites in Patients with Major Depressive Episodes

Comparative Affinity of Duloxetine and Venlafaxine for Serotonin and Norepinephrine Transporters in vitro and in vivo, Human Serotonin Receptor Subtypes, and Other Neuronal Receptors

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