The Cation-Exchanger in Sphagnum spp

Maass, W. S. G.

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a084055

Cited by 36 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…Mass flux calculations (Table 2) indicated a summer retention of Na +, Ca-'-, and Mg 2--. On a seasonal basis, Ca 2~ was somewhat lower in both inlet and outlet waters during the summer period, presumably due to enhanced biological uptake and the exchange ofH ÷ for basic cations by Sphagnum, peat, and sediments in the pond and associated wetlands (Clymo 1963, Craigie and Maass 1966, Andrus 1986. A potential retention role of beaver ponds for basic cations was revealed in a study of the outlet stream chemistry at another beaver pond in the Adirondacks (Gubala and Driscoll 1990).…”

Section: Basic Cation Comparisons In Inlet and Outlet Watersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beaver pond biogeochemistry: Acid neutralizing capacity generation in a headwater wetland

Cirmo

Driscoll

1993

Wetlands

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A beaver pond and its associated inlet and outlet waters in the Adirondack Mountains of New York were monitored for major chemical solutes for 26 months in an effort to quantify underlying chemical controls on the production and consumption of acid neutralizing capacity (ANC). The pond was a net annual sink for inlet A1, SO4 ~-, NO~-, and H4SiO4. The pond was a net annual source of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), NH4 +, and Fe z-. Losses of ANC resulting from AI and basic cation retention, as well as organic anion release (RCOO) associated with DOC, were more than offset by SO,-'-and NO3 retention and Fe -' + and NH4 + release, resulting in a net production of ANC. Rates of ANC generation were 120 meq m--" yr and 310 meq m -2 yr -~ , respectively (based on pond surface area), for the non-summer (October-June) and summer (July-September) periods. Seasonal variations in ANC in the outlet stream were largely associated with Fe 2+ and DOC release, while ANC in the upland inlet stream was associated with AI, NO~ , and basic cations, with much less seasonal variation. Controls on stream chemistry were temporally and longitudinally different for the inlet and outlet streams. The shift to seasonal control of outlet stream ANC by processes associated with organic matter decomposition reactions and anaerobic zone nutrient transformations may be characteristic of headwater wetlands in temperate zones with seasonal temperature extremes. Beaver impoundments and wetlands may also be important in the upstream mobilization or retention of geologically bound solutes like A1, Fe, and HaSiO,. Headwater wetlands, as sinks for solutes associated with acidic deposition and watershed acidification (i.e., SO4 ~--, NO~-, and A1), may play a role in the amelioration of the effects of these solutes on downstream receiving waters and associated biota. Depending on their location in relation to drainage patterns, these ponded systems may influence the nutrient dynamics of receiving waters through nitrogen transformations and organic carbon cycling.

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Section: Basic Cation Comparisons In Inlet and Outlet Watersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beaver pond biogeochemistry: Acid neutralizing capacity generation in a headwater wetland

Cirmo

Driscoll

1993

Wetlands

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“…The remains of dead Sphagnum (peat) indicated its former presence, with 16 species having been identified in Pinhook Bog (Andrus and Wilcox 1985). Because Sphagnum mosses are capable of absorbing cations to exchange sites on the cell walls (Craigie and Maass 1966), they must be sensitive to elevated salt concentrations. Experiments investigating the effects of salt on Sphagnum recurvum showed reduced in length at concentrations ranging from 300 to 1500 mg/L as chloride (340 -1692 mg/L as sodium).…”

Section: Sensitivity Of Plants To the Saltmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of deicing salts on vegetation in Pinhook Bog, Indiana

Wilcox¹

1986

Can. J. Bot.

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W~LCOX, D. A. 1986. The effects of deicing salts on vegetation in Pinhook Bog, Indiana. Can. J. Bot. 64: [865][866][867][868][869][870][871][872][873][874].A 4-year study identified the effects of road salt contamination on the vegetation of Pinhook Bog after operation of an uncovered salt storage pile adjacent to the bog for 10 years. Nearly all of the endemic plant species (excluding moat species) were absent from the portion of the bog where mean salt concentrations as high as 468 mglL sodium and 1215 mg1L chloride were measured in the interstitial waters of the peat mat. Skeletons of dead tamaracks remained. The impacted area was invaded by nonbog species and dominated by Typha angustifolia. As salt concentrations decreased by over 50% in 4 years, many of the endemic bog plants, including Sphagnum, returned to the impacted area. Declines were noted in the abundance of some of the invading species, while others continued expansion. Many of the invading and reestablished bog plants are known to be both salt tolerant and pioneers in secondary succession of disturbed bogs. WILCOX, D. A. 1986. The effects of deicing salts on vegetation in Pinhook Bog, Indiana. Can. J. Bot. 64: 865-874. Au cours d'une pCriode de 4 ans, l'auteur a CtudiC les effets du sel de degla~age des routes sur la vCgitation d'une tourbikre (Pinhook Bog). Un tas de sel non recouvert Ctait adjacent i cette tourbibre depuis 10 ans. Presque toutes les espbces endCmiques etaient absentes de la partie de la tourbibre o t~ des concentrations en sel aussi ClevCes que 468 mg1L de sodium et 125 mg1L de chlomre Ctaient mesurees dans les eaux interstitielles du tapis de mousse. Des squelettes de tamarac morts persistaient. La zone affectee Ctait envahie par d'autres espkces que celles des tourbibres et dominees par Typha angustifolia. La concentration en sel ayant diminuC de plus de 50% en 4 ans, plusieurs espkces endemiques de la tourbibre, incluant Sphagnum, ont fait un retour dans l'aire affectCe. Un dCclin dans l'abondance de certaines espbces envahissantes fut observC, alors que d'autres espbces continuaient leur expansion. Plusieurs des espkces envahissantes et s'Ctant rktablies dans la tourbikre sont reconnues comme Ctant i la fois tolkrantes au sel et pionnibres dans une succession secondaire des tourbibres perturbkes. [Traduit par la Revue]

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“…Plant ecologists typically attribute the sharp pH drop to biotic factors such as release of protons by Sphagnum in exchange for basic cations (i.e., positively charged ions except H þ ) from the soil solution (Clymo 1963, Craigie and Maass 1966, Spearing 1972, Kilham 1982 and to release of humic acids from slowly decomposing Sphagnum litter (Hemond 1980, Gorham et al 1985, 1986, Vitt et al 2000. Two common conceptualizations of the peatland acidification process currently exist.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Similar cation exchange capacities among bryophyte species refute a presumed mechanism of peatland acidification

Soudzilovskaia

Cornelissen

During

et al. 2010

Ecology

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Fen-bog succession is accompanied by strong increases of carbon accumulation rates. We tested the prevailing hypothesis that living Sphagna have extraordinarily high cation exchange capacity (CEC) and therefore acidify their environment by exchanging tissue-bound protons for basic cations in soil water. As Sphagnum invasion in a peatland usually coincides with succession from a brown moss-dominated alkaline fen to an acidic bog, the CEC of Sphagna is widely believed to play an important role in this acidification process. However, Sphagnum CEC has never been compared explicitly to that of a wide range of other bryophyte taxa. Whether high CEC directly leads to the ability to acidify the environment in situ also remains to be tested. We screened 20 predominant subarctic bryophyte species, including fen brown mosses and bog Sphagna for CEC, in situ soil water acidification capacity (AC), and peat acid neutralizing capacity (ANC). All these bryophyte species possessed substantial CEC, which was remarkably similar for brown mosses and Sphagna. This refutes the commonly accepted idea of living Sphagnum CEC being responsible for peatland acidification, as Sphagnum's ecological predecessors, brown mosses, can do the same job. Sphagnum AC was several times higher than that of other bryophytes, suggesting that CE (cation exchange) sites of Sphagna in situ are not saturated with basic cations, probably due to the virtual absence of these cations in the bog water. Together, these results suggest that Sphagna can not realize their CEC in bogs, while fen mosses can do so in fens. The fen peat ANC was 65% higher than bog ANC, indicating that acidity released by brown mosses in the CE process was neutralized, maintaining an alkaline environment. We propose two successional pathways indicating boundaries for a fen-bog shift with respect to bryophyte CEC. In neither of them is Sphagnum CE an important factor. We conclude that living Sphagnum CEC does not play any considerable role in the fen-bog shift. Alternatively, we propose that exclusively indirect effects of Sphagnum expansion such as peat accumulation and subsequent blocking of upward alkaline soil water transport are keys to the fen-bog succession and therefore for bog-associated carbon accumulation.

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The Cation-Exchanger in Sphagnum spp

Cited by 36 publications

References 0 publications

Beaver pond biogeochemistry: Acid neutralizing capacity generation in a headwater wetland

Beaver pond biogeochemistry: Acid neutralizing capacity generation in a headwater wetland

The effects of deicing salts on vegetation in Pinhook Bog, Indiana

Similar cation exchange capacities among bryophyte species refute a presumed mechanism of peatland acidification

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