The CatSper channel: a polymodal chemosensor in human sperm

Brenker, Christoph; Goodwin, Normann; Weyand, Ingo; Kashikar, Nachiket D.; Naruse, Masahiro; Krähling, Miriam; Müller, Astrid M.; Kaupp, U. Benjamin; Strünker, Timo

doi:10.1038/emboj.2012.30

Cited by 215 publications

(271 citation statements)

References 107 publications

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“…P2rx2-deficient male mice are fertile and have normal sperm morphology and other sperm parameters, however their sperm lack I ATP and fertility of P2rx2−/− males declines with frequent mating [152]. Human spermatozoa, however, do not show the same I ATP which indicates that P2X2 ion channels might not be expressed in human sperm cells ( [153] and unpublished data from our lab). Calciumactivated chloride channels (anoctamins) have been recently found in human sperm [154], but not in mouse [30], as well as aquaporins, water channels that are required for sperm osmoadaptation [155].…”

Section: Nonselective and Emerging Ion Channelsmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…However, mice deficient in TRPV1-4, TRPA1, and TRPM8 have no obvious defects in sperm morphology or male fertility [156,157]. Moreover, CatSper promiscuity toward high concentrations of exogenous activators, such as menthols, may account for the mistaken identity of TRPM8 in human spermatozoa [153]. However, it is possible that other species that do not have CatSper activity rely on different flagellar channels and therefore the role of TRP channels in sperm is yet to be determined.…”

Section: Nonselective and Emerging Ion Channelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Flagellar ion channels of sperm: similarities and differences between species

et al. 2015

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a b s t r a c tMotility and fertilization potential of mammalian sperm are regulated by ion homeostasis which in turn is under tight control of ion channels and transporters. Sperm intracellular pH, membrane voltage and calcium concentration ([Ca 2+ ] i ) are all important for sperm activity within the female reproductive tract. While all mammalian sperm are united in their goal to find and fertilize an egg, the molecular mechanisms they utilize for this purpose are diverse and differ between species especially on the level of ion channels. Recent direct recording from sperm cells of different species indicate the differences between rodent, non-human primate, ruminant, and human sperm on the basic levels of their ion channel regulation. In this review we summarize the current knowledge about ion channel diversity of the animal kingdom and concentrate our attention on flagellar ion channels of mammalian sperm.

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Section: Nonselective and Emerging Ion Channelsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Nonselective and Emerging Ion Channelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flagellar ion channels of sperm: similarities and differences between species

et al. 2015

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“…These pHregulated channels which are unique to sperm are facilitated by external bicarbonate ion Wennemuth et al, 2003). They are also polymodal, in that they can respond to multiple external ligands (Lishko et al, 2011;Brenker et al, 2012;Miller et al, 2016;Syeda et al, 2016).…”

Section: When Functional Anatomy Meets Physiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional anatomy of the mammalian sperm flagellum

2016

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The eukaryotic flagellum is the organelle responsible for the propulsion of the male gamete in most animals. Without exception, sperm of all mammalian species use a flagellum for swimming. The mammalian sperm has a centrally located 9 1 2 arrangement of microtubule doublets and hundreds of accessory proteins that together constitute an axoneme. However, they also possess several characteristic peri-axonemal structures that make the mammalian sperm tail function differently. These modifications include nine outer dense fibers (ODFs) that are paired with the nine outer microtubule doublets of the axoneme, and are anchored in a structure called the connecting piece located at the base. The presence of the ODFs and connecting piece, and the absence of a basal body, dictate that physical forces generated by the dynein motors are transmitted to the base of the flagellum through the ODFs. Mammalian sperm flagella also possess a mitochondrial and a fibrous sheath that encircle most of the axoneme. These sheaths and the ODFs add mechanical rigidity to the flagellum creating the functional effect of increasing bend wavelength, which requires the entrainment of more dynein motors in the production of a single wave. The sheaths also act as a retinaculum and maintain the integrity of the central axoneme when large bending torques are generated by dynein. Large torque production is crucial to the process of hyperactivation and the unique motility transitions associated with effective fertilizing capacity. Consequently, these specialized anatomical features are essential for the effective interaction of sperm with the female reproductive tract and ovum. V C 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Key Words: axoneme; outer dense fibers; fibrous sheath; outer doublets; dynein; connecting piece; hyperactivation; sperm motility Introduction E ukaryotic cilia and flagella are highly conserved and ubiquitous organelles present in most animals, as well as many lower plants and eukaryotic protozoa. In the vertebrate lineage, the eukaryotic flagellum is universally employed to propel the male gamete. In the mammalian branch of the vertebrates, the sperm tail is always a modified flagellum with some characteristic accessory features that are added onto the basic 9 1 2 axoneme of microtubules found in most cilia and flagella. Figure 1 shows transmission electron micrographs (TEMs) of a mouse sperm flagellum in cross section at several positions along the length of the flagellum. The central axoneme is visible with its nine outer doublets surrounding a pair of single central microtubules (central pair or CP). Each of the outer microtubule doublets bears two rows of projections called the inner row and outer row of dynein arms. These arms are composed of the dynein motor proteins that power motility. The dynein arms are the source of the motive force that bends the flagellum. The dynein heavy chains (DHC) of the arms form bridges between the outer doublets and undergo a Mg-ATP driven power stroke that generates a sliding (or shearing) action between t...

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“…Indeed, several studies have suggested the existence of signaling pathways in insect sperm, including proteomics analyses in Aedes aegypti (18) and Drosophila melanogaster (19), although ORs were not identified in those studies. Importantly, OR expression in male germ cells has been reported for numerous mammalian species (20)(21)(22) and evidence for functional expression of ORs in human and mouse sperm have been described (23)(24)(25)(26)(27), although the requirement for human ORs in ligand recognition and fertilization has been seriously challenged (28). In a potentially striking example of convergent evolution, we describe the expression of a subset of ORs in male germ cells of A. gambiae where they act to modulate activation and perhaps orientation of spermatozoa, which are critical to male reproductive fitness.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Odorant receptor-mediated sperm activation in disease vector mosquitoes

Pitts

Liu

Zhou

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Insects, such as the malaria vector mosquito, Anopheles gambiae, depend upon chemoreceptors to respond to volatiles emitted from a range of environmental sources, most notably blood meal hosts and oviposition sites. A subset of peripheral signaling pathways involved in these insect chemosensory-dependent behaviors requires the activity of heteromeric odorant receptor (OR) ion channel complexes and ligands for numerous A. gambiae ORs (AgOrs) have been identified. Although AgOrs are expressed in nonhead appendages, studies characterizing potential AgOr function in nonolfactory tissues have not been conducted. In the present study, we explore the possibility that AgOrs mediate responses of spermatozoa to endogenous signaling molecules in A. gambiae. In addition to finding AgOr transcript expression in testes, we show that the OR coreceptor, AgOrco, is localized to the flagella of A. gambiae spermatozoa where Orco-specific agonists, antagonists, and other odorant ligands robustly activate flagella beating in an Orco-dependent process. We also demonstrate Orco expression and Orco-mediated activation of spermatozoa in the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti. Moreover, we find Orco localization in testes across distinct insect taxa and posit that OR-mediated responses in spermatozoa may represent a general characteristic of insect reproduction and an example of convergent evolution.transcriptomics | cell signaling | gamete | chemical ecology | Culicidae

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The CatSper channel: a polymodal chemosensor in human sperm

Cited by 215 publications

References 107 publications

Flagellar ion channels of sperm: similarities and differences between species

Flagellar ion channels of sperm: similarities and differences between species

Functional anatomy of the mammalian sperm flagellum

Odorant receptor-mediated sperm activation in disease vector mosquitoes

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