The Cattle Microbiota and the Immune System

Gómez, Diego E.; Galvão, Klibs N.; Rodríguez-Lecompte, J. C.; Costa, Márcio Paulino

doi:10.1016/j.cvfa.2019.08.002

Cited by 43 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 143 publications

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“…The development of a robust microbiome has been shown to be crucial to the health and development of dairy calves. It is necessary for a functioning immune system and may provide some measure of protection against the gastrointestinal disorders that are common in pre-weaned calves [ 6 ]. In adult dairy cows, the intestinal microbiome has been linked not only to health outcomes but also to measures of productivity, such as milk production and feed efficiency [ 21 , 22 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the immediate neonatal period, calves have been shown to follow a classic mammalian pattern of colonization, with facultative anaerobes such as Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus establishing the reduced environment necessary for beneficial anaerobes such as Bifidobacterium [ 6 , 8 , 12 ]. These organisms are transferred to the calf through intake of colostrum, which contains organisms such as Staphylococcus , Ruminococcaceae , Clostridiales , Escherichia coli , and Prevotella , as well as through transfer from the environment and the dam [ 23 – 25 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A functioning microbiome has been shown to be key to the establishment of a functional immune system. As an example, the interaction between beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium and the gut mucosa has been shown to be necessary for the proper formation of tight junctions in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) in the neonatal period; alterations to the microbiome at this stage can lead to increased gut permeability and an increased risk of infection [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies have shown that mammals, including calves, tend to follow a pattern of colonization during the immediate neonatal period, with the first colonizers being facultative anaerobes such as Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus. These facultative anaerobes help to establish the reduced environment necessary for anaerobes such as Bifidobacterium [6,8,12]. These studies indicate the presence of a core microbiome in neonatal calves; however, comprehensive studies examining the microorganisms present during the development of healthy calves beyond the immediate neonatal period and through the weaning transition are lacking, leaving the question of what constitutes a healthy versus dysbiotic microbiome during this stage of development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temporal changes in the fecal bacterial community in Holstein dairy calves from birth through the transition to a solid diet

et al. 2020

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The development of a robust microbiome is critical to the health of dairy calves, but relatively little is known about the progression of the microbiome through the weaning transition. In this study, fecal samples were obtained from ten female Holstein calves at 6 timepoints between 2-13 weeks of age. Calves were fed acidified milk until weaning at 8 weeks old and had access to starter grain throughout the study. Fecal samples were extracted for genomic DNA, PCR-amplified for the V1-V2 region of the 16S rRNA bacterial gene, sequenced on the Illumina MiSeq platform, and analyzed using the QIIME2 pipeline. Bacterial richness, estimated by number of observed species, and bacterial diversity, estimated by Shannon diversity index, both differed significantly between timepoints and both increased over time (P <0.05), with the largest increases occurring during weaning. Weighted and unweighted UniFrac analysis showed significant differences (P <0.05) between bacterial communities across timepoints; betadisper analysis revealed that the microbiomes of individual calves became more similar with time. Throughout the study, Firmicutes was the dominant phylum, followed by Bacteroidetes. Thirteen bacterial genera were found to be significantly influenced by time, including Faecalibacterium, Clostridium, unclassified S24-7, Collinsella, Sharpea, and Treponema. Unclassified Ruminococcaceae was the most prevalent genus at timepoints 1, 3, 5, and 6, but different amplicon sequence variants were detected at each timepoint suggesting the presence of different species of Ruminococcaceae at different times. Bacteroides was the most prevalent genus at timepoint 2, and Prevotella was most prevalent at timepoint 4. Our results indicate that there is considerable variation in the calf microbiome pre-weaning, but the microbial community stabilizes and becomes similar to the adult microbiome at weaning. Further studies to describe the phylogeny and functionality of core microbiota through the weaning transition are needed to improve health and reduce diarrhea in the neonatal period.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Temporal changes in the fecal bacterial community in Holstein dairy calves from birth through the transition to a solid diet

et al. 2020

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“…In healthy conditions, a mutually beneficial relationship is established between the host and its gut microbiota: the host provides a favorable niche for bacterial growth, with stable nutrient supply, while gut-bacteria perform or facilitate a series of digestive, metabolic, and immune-stimulating processes vital for host fitness 5 . Disturbances on this equilibrium leading to an imbalanced gut microbiota, also called dysbiosis, are linked to the development of multifactorial diseases in humans 6 – 8 , but also in farm animals 9 , 10 , including cattle 11 – 15 , swine 16 , 17 , poultry 18 , 19 , and farmed fish 20 , 21 . Diet has a tremendous influence on gut-microbiota composition and equilibrium 22 – 26 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut microbiota dynamics in carnivorous European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) fed plant-based diets

Serra

Oliva-Teles

Enes

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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A healthy gastrointestinal microbiota is essential for host fitness, and strongly modulated by host diet. In aquaculture, a current challenge is to feed carnivorous fish with plant-feedstuffs in substitution of fish meal, an unsustainable commodity. Plants have a limited nutritive value due to the presence of non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) which are not metabolized by fish. In this work we assessed the effects of NSP-enriched diets on European seabass gut microbiota and evaluate the selective pressure of plant feedstuffs towards gut microbes with NSP-hydrolytic potential, i.e. capable to convert indigestible dietary constituents in fish metabolites. Triplicate groups of European seabass juveniles were fed a fish meal-based diet (control) or three plant-based diets (SBM, soybean meal; RSM, rapeseed meal; SFM, sunflower meal) for 6 weeks, before recovering intestinal samples for microbiota analysis, using the Illumina’s MiSeq platform. Plant-based diets impacted differently digesta and mucosal microbiota. A decrease (p = 0.020) on species richness, accompanied by a decline on the relative abundance of specific phyla such as Acidobacteria (p = 0.030), was observed in digesta samples of SBM and RSM experimental fish, but no effects were seen in mucosa-associated microbiota. Plant-based diets favored the Firmicutes (p = 0.01), in particular the Bacillaceae (p = 0.017) and Clostridiaceae (p = 0.007), two bacterial families known to harbor carbohydrate active enzymes and thus putatively more prone to grow in high NSP environments. Overall, bacterial gut communities of European seabass respond to plant-feedstuffs with adjustments in the presence of transient microorganisms (allochthonous) with carbohydrolytic potential, while maintaining a balanced core (autochthonous) microbiota.

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Postpartum Uterine Infection

Dadarwal

Palmer

2021

Bovine Reproduction

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The Cattle Microbiota and the Immune System

Cited by 43 publications

References 143 publications

Temporal changes in the fecal bacterial community in Holstein dairy calves from birth through the transition to a solid diet

Temporal changes in the fecal bacterial community in Holstein dairy calves from birth through the transition to a solid diet

Gut microbiota dynamics in carnivorous European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) fed plant-based diets

Postpartum Uterine Infection

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