The Causal Impact of Removing Children from Abusive and Neglectful Homes

Bald, Anthony; Chyn, Eric; Hastings, Justine S.; Machelett, Margarita

doi:10.3386/w25419

Cited by 32 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Using a similar approach an earlier study by Doyle found an association between placement and increased risk of pregnancy for girls. Bald et al (2019) found no significant effect for pregnancy and Font and Colleagues (2019) found a protective effect against early adolescent pregnancy. Finally, using Waves 1 and 3 of NSCAW I data -Orsi, Brown, Knight, and Shillington (2018) compared children ages 6-12 receiving in-home services to children not served on various developmental and sociobehavioral measures.…”

Section: Health and Behavioral Healthmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Methodological and statistical advances have led to improved data sources and analytic approaches. Nationally representative samples (e.g., NSCAW: Berger et al, 2009;Conn, Szilagyi, Jee, Blumkin, & Szilagyi, 2005); important large longitudinal studies using linked data from Alaska (Parrish, Fleckman, Prindle, Eastman, & Weil, 2020), Wisconsin [Berger, Cancian, Han, Noyes, & Rios-Salas, 2015)], Missouri (Jonson-Reid, Drake, & Kohl, 2009), California (Putnam-Hornstein, Needell, King, and Johnson-Motoyama (2013); and North Carolina (Barth, Duncan, Hodorowicz, & Kum, 2010); greater use of econometric tools (e.g, Doyle, 2013;Gross, 2020;Parrish et al, 2020); propensity score analysis (e.g., Berger et al, 2009;Berzin, 2008); and more standardized measurement of outcomes (e.g., Bald, Chyn, Hastings, & Machelett, 2019) have generated important new findings related to child wellbeing outcomes of CPS and CWS involvement.…”

Section: Conceptual Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A similar approach was used by Gross (2020) using Michigan data with school-aged children with investigated maltreatment reports and found a near significant trend in reduction of delinquency. The third instrumental variables study by Bald et al (2019) used Rhode Island data but included all children aged birth to 18 years at the time of investigation but only reported analyses of delinquency for school-aged children. There was no significant effect for foster care placement on the likelihood of a juvenile delinquency conviction.…”

Section: Justice Involvementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two studies (detailed in earlier sections) employed an instrumental variable approach to examine educational outcomes. The Rhode Island study found that (n = 26,977) girls who experienced foster care had improved educational outcomes compared to those remaining in the home (Bald et al, 2019). Using MI data, Gross (2020) found that school-aged children entering foster care had improved attendance and math test scores over time.…”

Section: Development and Educationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Outcomes following child welfare services: what are they and do they differ for black children?

Barth

Jonson‐Reid²,

Greeson

et al. 2020

Journal of Public Child Welfare

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Current calls to end structural racism in the US include proposals to abolish or radically transform child welfare services (CWS). While substantial research finds numerous poor outcomes following maltreatment, the efficacy and acceptability of CWS, particularly for children of color, has long sparked debate. This review summarizes the state of quantitative research across seven domains for children overall and by race with varying degrees of CWS contact. Current research with adequate comparisons provides no robust evidence to support the idea that children have worse outcomes from CWS involvement, but few studies focused on Black children. Implications for research and system change are discussed.

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Section: Health and Behavioral Healthmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Conceptual Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Justice Involvementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Development and Educationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Outcomes following child welfare services: what are they and do they differ for black children?

Barth

Jonson‐Reid²,

Greeson

et al. 2020

Journal of Public Child Welfare

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…1 However, these findings for MTO adults may not be a good guide for understanding the effects of neighborhoods and poverty on the eventual voting behavior of children. 2 Prior research demonstrates that conditions in childhood have distinct and large impacts on a number of longerrun outcomes (Garces et al, 2002;Chetty et al, 2011;Heckman et al, 2013;Chetty et al, 2016;Hoynes et al, 2016;Carrell et al, 2018;Bald et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moved to Vote: The Long-Run Effects of Neighborhoods on Political Participation

Chyn¹,

Haggag²

2019

Self Cite

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We thank Paul Westscott of L2 for providing technical assistance. We are grateful to Erzo Luttmer for helpful comments and suggestions. Chyn thanks Brian Jacob for his help in accessing the data for this project. ABSTRACTHow does one's childhood neighborhood shape political engagement later in life? We leverage a natural experiment that moved children out of disadvantaged neighborhoods to study effects on their voting behavior more than a decade later. Using linked administrative data, we find that children who were displaced by public housing demolitions and moved using housing vouchers are 12 percent (3.3 percentage points) more likely to vote in adulthood, relative to their nondisplaced peers. We argue that this result is unlikely to be driven by changes in incarceration or in their parents' outcomes, but rather by improvements in education and labor market outcomes, and perhaps by socialization. These results suggest that, in addition to reducing economic inequality, housing assistance programs that improve one's childhood neighborhood may be a useful tool in reducing inequality in political participation.

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Long-term Health and Social Outcomes in Children and Adolescents Placed in Out-of-Home Care

et al. 2022

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IMPORTANCEChildren who are placed in out-of-home care may have poorer outcomes in adulthood, on average, compared with their peers, but the direction and magnitude of these associations need clarification.OBJECTIVE To estimate associations between being placed in out-of-home care in childhood and adolescence and subsequent risks of experiencing a wide range of social and health outcomes in adulthood following comprehensive adjustments for preplacement factors. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTSThis cohort and cosibling study of all children born in Finland between 1986 and 2000 (N = 855 622) monitored each person from their 15th birthday either until the end of the study period (December 2018) or until they migrated, died, or experienced the outcome of interest. Cox and Poisson regression models were used to estimate associations with adjustment for measured confounders (from linked population registers) and unmeasured familial confounders (using sibling comparisons). Data were analyzed from October 2020 to August 2021.EXPOSURES Placement in out-of-home care up to age 15 years. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURESThrough national population, patient, prescription drug, cause of death, and crime registers, 16 specific outcomes were identified across the following categories: psychiatric disorders; low socioeconomic status; injuries and experiencing violence; and antisocial behaviors, suicidality, and premature mortality.RESULTS A total of 30 127 individuals (3.4%) were identified who had been placed in out-of-home care for a median (interquartile range) period of 1.3 (0.2-5.1) years and 2 (1-3) placement episodes before age 15 years. Compared with their siblings, individuals who had been placed in out-of-home care were 1.4 to 5 times more likely to experience adverse outcomes in adulthood (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] for those with a fall-related injury, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.25-1.57 and aHR for those with an unintentional poisoning injury, 4.79; 95% CI, 3.56-6.43, respectively). The highest relative risks were observed for those with violent crime arrests (aHR, 4.16; 95% CI, 3.74-4.62; cumulative incidence, 24.6% in individuals who had been placed in out-of-home care vs 5.1% in those who had not), substance misuse (aHR, 4.75; 95% CI,; cumulative incidence, 23.2% vs 4.6%), and unintentional poisoning injury (aHR 4.79; 95% CI, 3.56-6.43; cumulative incidence, 3.1% vs 0.6%). Additional adjustments for perinatal factors, childhood behavioral problems, and traumatic injuries, including experiencing violence, did not materially change the findings.CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Out-of-home care placement was associated with a wide range of adverse outcomes in adulthood, which persisted following adjustments for measured preplacement factors and unmeasured familial factors.

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The Causal Impact of Removing Children from Abusive and Neglectful Homes

Cited by 32 publications

References 51 publications

Outcomes following child welfare services: what are they and do they differ for black children?

Outcomes following child welfare services: what are they and do they differ for black children?

Moved to Vote: The Long-Run Effects of Neighborhoods on Political Participation

Long-term Health and Social Outcomes in Children and Adolescents Placed in Out-of-Home Care

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