The Causes of Childhood Obesity: A Survey

Papoutsi, Georgia S.; Drichoutis, Andreas C.; Nayga, Rodolfo M.

doi:10.1111/j.1467-6419.2011.00717.x

Cited by 34 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 206 publications

(265 reference statements)

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“…Family-environmental determinants have been associated with energy-balance related behaviours, although little is known about socio-economic disparities in these associations. A survey reviewing multi-disciplinary literature to identify the determinants of childhood obesity, concluded, among others, that the shared environment created by parents, affects children’s choices and eventually their body weight outcomes [ 42 ]. Related evidence demonstrates that parental rules and/or accessibility at home are significantly associated with energy balance- related behaviours, such as screen time, intake of sugary drinks and fruit and vegetable consumption [ 22 , 43 , 44 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inequities in energy-balance related behaviours and family environmental determinants in European children: baseline results of the prospective EPHE evaluation study

Mantziki¹,

Vassilopoulos

Radulian

et al. 2015

BMC Public Health

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BackgroundTackling inequalities in overweight, obesity and related determinants has become a top priority for the European research and policy agendas. Although it has been established that such inequalities accumulate from early childhood onward, they have not been studied extensively in children. The current article discusses the results of an explorative analysis for the identification of inequalities in behaviours and their determinants between groups with high and low socio-economic status.MethodsThis study is part of the Epode for the Promotion of Health Equity (EPHE) evaluation study, the overall aim of which is to assess the impact and sustainability of EPODE methodology to diminish inequalities in childhood obesity and overweight. Seven community-based programmes from different European countries (Belgium, Bulgaria, France, Greece, Portugal, Romania, The Netherlands) participate in the EPHE study. In each of the communities, children aged 6–8 years participated, resulting in a total sample of 1266 children and their families. A parental self-administrated questionnaire was disseminated in order to assess the socio-economic status of the household, selected energy balance-related behaviours (1. fruit and vegetable consumption; 2. soft drink/ fruit juices and water consumption; 3. screen time and 4. sleep duration) of the children and associated family environmental determinants. The Mann–Whitney U test and Pearson’s chi-square test were used to test differences between the low and high education groups. The country-specific median was chosen as the cut-off point to determine the educational level, given the different average educational level in every country.ResultsChildren with mothers of relatively high educational level consumed fruits and vegetables more frequently than their peers of low socio-economic status. The latter group of children had a higher intake of fruit juices and/or soft drinks and had higher screen time. Parental rules and home availability were consistently different between the two socio-economic groups in our study in all countries. However we did not find a common pattern for all behaviours and the variability across the countries was large.ConclusionsOur findings are indicative of socio-economic inequalities in our samples, although the variability across the countries was large. The effectiveness of interventions aimed at chancing parental rules and behaviour on health inequalities should be studied.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-015-2540-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inequities in energy-balance related behaviours and family environmental determinants in European children: baseline results of the prospective EPHE evaluation study

Mantziki¹,

Vassilopoulos

Radulian

et al. 2015

BMC Public Health

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“…Regarding healthrelated behaviors, Meng (2012) document an association between obesity and lack of sleep in urban children; Li et al (2010) believe a 20-min-per-day vigorous physical activity could effectively prevent childhood obesity, and that insufficient physical activity could lead to childhood obesity; and Shang (2012) find a positive correlation between childhood obesity and sugarsweetened beverage intake. Regarding social causes of childhood obesity, papers examine family income, parents' working status, environment, and other factors (e.g., Anderson & Butcher, 2006;Dehghan, Akhtar-Danesh, & Merchant, 2005;Ebbeling, Pawlak, & Ludwig, 2002;Papoutsi, Drichoutis, & Nayga, 2011). Most papers studying Western economies identify a positive correlation between childhood obesity and low socioeconomic status, which differs from the situation in China.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

One-child policy and childhood obesity

Zhang

Liu

2020

China Economic Review

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“…The home setting, especially parents, plays a vital role in the associations between SES and children’s screen time. According to socioecological models [ 13 , 14 ], parents’ attitudes, beliefs, norms, and behaviors shape and create a shared social and physical environment in the home setting, and this environment affects children’s possibilities for different types of behaviors [ 13 – 15 ]. For example, higher parental self-efficacy to limit screen time is associated with less children’s screen time [ 16 ], whereas availability of media equipment and lack of physical activity (PA) equipment are associated with increased children’s screen time [ 17 , 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The mediating role of the home environment in relation to parental educational level and preschool children’s screen time: a cross-sectional study

et al. 2017

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BackgroundPrevious studies suggest that preschoolers from low socioeconomic backgrounds engage in more screen time. Still, the factors in the social and physical home environment driving these differences in preschool children’s screen time are poorly understood. This study examines potential home environment mediators in the associations between parental educational level and preschoolers’ screen time.MethodsA total of 864 children aged 3–6 years and their parents participated in a cross-sectional DAGIS study in 2015–2016. Parents recorded their children’s screen time in a diary (N = 823). For the analyses, the daily average screen time at home was calculated. Parental questionnaires (N = 808) assessed educational level and eight social and physical environment factors in the home (i.e., descriptive norm for children’s screen time, parental screen use in front of children, parental importance for limiting children’s screen time, parental attitude toward societal pressures for children’s screen time, access to screens at home, parental self-efficacy for limiting children’s screen time, satisfaction of children’s screen time, and rules for limiting children’s screen time). Parental education was grouped into low, middle, and high education. The associations were tested by conducting mediation analyses adjusted by season and children’s sex and age. The significant mediators in the single-mediator models were included in the final multiple-mediator models.ResultsOf the potential eight mediators, the following four had a significant indirect association: descriptive norm for children’s screen time, parental screen use in front of children, parental importance for limiting children’s screen time, and parental attitude toward societal pressures for children’s screen time. Parents with high education had lower descriptive norm and used fewer screens in front of children compared to parents with middle or low education, and in turn, these factors were associated with less screen time among children from parents with a higher education level. Parents with high education placed greater importance on limiting children’s screen time and felt less societal pressures about children’s screen time compared to parents with low education, and in turn, these factors were associated with less screen time among children from parents with a higher education level.ConclusionsOur study recognized multiple modifiable mediators in the associations between parental education and preschool children’s screen time. When aiming to diminish socioeconomic status differences in preschool children’s screen time, the focus should be on parental role models, attitudes, and norm related to children’s screen time.

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The Causes of Childhood Obesity: A Survey

Cited by 34 publications

References 206 publications

Inequities in energy-balance related behaviours and family environmental determinants in European children: baseline results of the prospective EPHE evaluation study

Inequities in energy-balance related behaviours and family environmental determinants in European children: baseline results of the prospective EPHE evaluation study

One-child policy and childhood obesity

The mediating role of the home environment in relation to parental educational level and preschool children’s screen time: a cross-sectional study

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