The cell biology of tetrapyrroles: a life and death struggle

Mochizuki, Naoki; Tanaka, Ryouichi; Grimm, Bernhard; Masuda, Tatsuru; Moulin, Michaël; Smith, Alison G.; Tanaka, Ayumi; Terry, Matthew J.

doi:10.1016/j.tplants.2010.05.012

Cited by 271 publications

(272 citation statements)

References 121 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

268

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Overaccumulation of Pchlide is known to cause photooxidative damage to etiolated seedlings during the greening process (9,49,50). To investigate whether the photobleaching death of pif3 and ein3eil1 was caused by Pchlide overaccumulation, we examined the expression of specific genes in these mutants known to be involved in Pchlide and chlorophyll biosynthesis.…”

Section: Pif3 Acts Downstream Of Ein3/eil1 To Prevent Light-inducedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethylene-orchestrated circuitry coordinates a seedling’s response to soil cover and etiolated growth

Zhong

Shi

Xue

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

153

151

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Significance Seedlings’ ability to both adapt to their soil environment and acquire photoautotrophic capacity under various buried conditions is a life-or-death issue for terrestrial flowering plants. By designing and utilizing a standardized real-soil assay, we identify the key features of germinating seedlings’ soil response and deduce that the gaseous phytohormone ethylene acts as the primary regulator of soil-induced plant morphogenetic changes. Moreover, our study illustrates that an EIN3/EIL1-conducted PIF3–ERF1 molecular circuitry enables seedlings to synchronize the rate of protochlorophyllide biosynthesis with upward growth, a mechanism critical to the prevention of photooxidative damage during seedlings’ initial transition from dark to light in natural conditions.

show abstract

Section: Pif3 Acts Downstream Of Ein3/eil1 To Prevent Light-inducedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethylene-orchestrated circuitry coordinates a seedling’s response to soil cover and etiolated growth

Zhong

Shi

Xue

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

153

151

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Among these metabolites are abscisic acid (ABA) (11), tetrapyrroles (12-14), 3′-phosphoadenosine 5′-phosphate (PAP) (15), β-cyclocitral (16), and methylerythritol cyclodiphosphate (MEcPP) (17). Although hypothetical export of a negative tetrapyrrole signal has received considerable support, biochemical evidence for such a retrograde signal remains equivocal in plants (18)(19)(20). Chlorophyte algae diverged from the streptophyte plant lineage over 500 million years ago but share a common chlorophyll a/b-based photosynthetic lightharvesting apparatus with plants.…”

Section: Rna-seq Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrograde bilin signaling enables Chlamydomonas greening and phototrophic survival

Duanmu

Casero

Dent

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

111

172

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The maintenance of functional chloroplasts in photosynthetic eukaryotes requires real-time coordination of the nuclear and plastid genomes. Tetrapyrroles play a significant role in plastid-tonucleus retrograde signaling in plants to ensure that nuclear gene expression is attuned to the needs of the chloroplast. Well-known sites of synthesis of chlorophyll for photosynthesis, plant chloroplasts also export heme and heme-derived linear tetrapyrroles (bilins), two critical metabolites respectively required for essential cellular activities and for light sensing by phytochromes. Here we establish that Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, one of many chlorophyte species that lack phytochromes, can synthesize bilins in both plastid and cytosol compartments. Genetic analyses show that both pathways contribute to iron acquisition from extracellular heme, whereas the plastid-localized pathway is essential for light-dependent greening and phototrophic growth. Our discovery of a bilin-dependent nuclear gene network implicates a widespread use of bilins as retrograde signals in oxygenic photosynthetic species. Our studies also suggest that bilins trigger critical metabolic pathways to detoxify molecular oxygen produced by photosynthesis, thereby permitting survival and phototrophic growth during the light period.biliverdin | heme oxygenase | iron homeostasis | oxidative stress | RNA-Seq analysisT he daily light-dark cycle requires all oxygenic photosynthetic species to survive the repeated transition from prolonged darkness to phototrophic metabolism at dawn. Most plants are unable to synthesize chlorophyll in darkness and therefore accumulate photosensitizing chlorophyll precursors at night (1). Sunrise induces an oxidative burst as photosynthesis resumes, so the transition to daylight requires careful coordination of many lightdependent processes. Multiple photoreceptors perform such roles in plants, the most notable being the red-sensing, linear tetrapyrrole (bilin)-based phytochromes and the blue-sensing, flavin-based cryptochromes and phototropins (2-5). Bilins are well-established plant retrograde signals, synthesized in plastids but enabling light sensing by cytosolic phytochromes. Phytochrome photoconversion then triggers nuclear translocation to positively regulate photosynthesis-associated nuclear gene (PhANG) expression (6, 7).Genetic studies suggest that plastids also export negative retrograde signals, metabolites that suppress nuclear gene networks targeted by phytochromes (8-10). Among these metabolites are abscisic acid (ABA) (11), tetrapyrroles (12-14), 3′-phosphoadenosine 5′-phosphate (PAP) (15), β-cyclocitral (16), and methylerythritol cyclodiphosphate (MEcPP) (17). Although hypothetical export of a negative tetrapyrrole signal has received considerable support, biochemical evidence for such a retrograde signal remains equivocal in plants (18)(19)(20). Chlorophyte algae diverged from the streptophyte plant lineage over 500 million years ago but share a common chlorophyll a/b-based photosynthetic lightharvesting app...

show abstract

“…However, when the photosynthetic apparatus is overexcited, for example under light stress conditions, Chl can act as a photosensitizer, that can cause cell damage and death (Apel and Hirt 2004). Likewise, defects in Chl biosynthesis and degradation result in cytotoxic effects, which are caused by the accumulation of respective photodynamic metabolic intermediates (Mochizuki et al 2010;Pružinská et al 2003). Therefore, tight regulation mechanisms, well known in the case of Chl biosynthesis Tanaka 2006, 2007), are required to prevent these toxic effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Update on the biochemistry of chlorophyll breakdown

2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In land plants, chlorophyll is broken down to colorless linear tetrapyrroles in a highly conserved multi-step pathway. The pathway is termed the 'PAO pathway', because the opening of the chlorine macrocycle present in chlorophyll catalyzed by pheophorbide a oxygenase (PAO), the key enzyme of the pathway, provides the characteristic structural basis found in all further downstream chlorophyll breakdown products. To date, most of the biochemical steps of the PAO pathway have been elucidated and genes encoding many of the chlorophyll catabolic enzymes been identified. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the biochemistry of the PAO pathway and provides insight into recent progress made in the field that indicates that the pathway is more complex than thought in the past. Abstract In land plants, chlorophyll is broken down to colorless linear tetrapyrroles in a highly conserved multistep pathway. The pathway is termed the 'PAO pathway', because the opening of the chlorine macrocycle present in chlorophyll catalyzed by pheophorbide a oxygenase (PAO), the key enzyme of the pathway, provides the characteristic structural basis found in all further downstream chlorophyll breakdown products. To date, most of the biochemical steps of the PAO pathway have been elucidated and genes encoding many of the chlorophyll catabolic enzymes been identified. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the biochemistry of the PAO pathway and provides insight into recent progress made in the field that indicates that the pathway is more complex than thought in the past.

show abstract

The cell biology of tetrapyrroles: a life and death struggle

Cited by 271 publications

References 121 publications

Ethylene-orchestrated circuitry coordinates a seedling’s response to soil cover and etiolated growth

Ethylene-orchestrated circuitry coordinates a seedling’s response to soil cover and etiolated growth

Retrograde bilin signaling enables Chlamydomonas greening and phototrophic survival

Update on the biochemistry of chlorophyll breakdown

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About