The cell cycle phase affects the potential of cells to replicate Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus

Abstract

Summary. -We investigated the effect of growth phase of suspension culture of insect Sf9 cells on cell cycle phase distribution, cell viability and Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) production. The cell culture showed a maximum cell viability and potential to replicate the virus at the peak of G 1 phase cells in the culture, while the minimum cell viability coincided with the peak of G 2 /M phase cells. These results indicate that the G 1 phase plays a substantial role in the ability of cells to replicate the baculovirus and may help to develop a baculovirus infection dynamics model and control the expression of foreign genes.Keywords: cell cycle; baculovirus; viability; flow cytometry; infection E-mail: yhz@mail.wit.edu.cn; phone: +86-13871114386. Abbreviations: AcMNPV = Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus; BEVS = baculovirus expression vector system; FCM = flow cytometry; NOV = non-occluded virus; OV = occluded virus; TOI = time of infection

Bombyx mori epidermal growth factor receptor is required for nucleopolyhedrovirus replication

“…Previous studies have shown that the cell cycle and cell growth phase influence viral replication (Kioukia et al ., ; Braunagel et al ., ; Zhang et al ., ). Moreover, our ChIP‐seq experiment revealed that some ERK target genes are involved in cell replication.…”

“…The cell cycle and cell proliferation affect the replication of AcMNPV (Kioukia et al ., ; Braunagel et al ., ; Zhang et al ., ). To investigate whether the cell cycle affects BmNPV replication, nocodazole‐treated BmE cells were used to analyse BmNPV replication.…”

“…The ERK target genes were enriched in genetic information processing, cellular processes, organismal systems, environmental information processing, human diseases, and metabolism (data not shown). Furthermore, some of these pathways contribute to baculovirus replication, such as the pathways for cell growth (Kioukia et al ., ; Braunagel et al ., ; Zhang et al ., ), energy metabolism (Bernal et al ., ; Carinhas et al ., ), ubiquitin proteasome system (Katsuma et al ., ) and actin cytoskeleton regulation (Volkman ; Ohkawa et al ., ; Marek et al ., ). In this study, we investigated whether the BmEGFR/ERK signalling pathway controls the cell cycle and cell proliferation to influence viral replication.…”

“…The results showed that the BmEGFR/ERK pathway targets the genes that are primarily involved in metabolic processes, cellular processes and biological regulation. Furthermore, KEGG analysis showed that many of the described targeted processes, such as the cell cycle and cell proliferation cellular processes, contribute to baculovirus replication (Kioukia et al ., ; Braunagel et al ., ; Zhang et al ., ). A previous study (Braunagel et al ., ) showed that cell cycle inhibition reduces viral DNA replication and delays viral protein expression.…”

Partial Alleviation of Homologous Superinfection Exclusion of SeMNPV Latently Infected Cells by G1 Phase Infection and G2/M Phase Arrest

“…In cultured insect cells, AcMNPV can establish infection in cells at different cell cycle phases and induce cell cycle arrest in the S phase or G2/M phase, but infecting G1 or S phase cells can arrest cells in the S phase more rapidly [19]. In addition, AcMNPV infection of G1 phase cells can yield a higher number of progeny viruses (BV) than in other phases [20]. Thus, different phases of the cell cycle exhibit varying susceptibilities to viral infection.…”