The cell surface protein Ag43 facilitates phage infection of Escherichia coli in the presence of bile salts and carbohydrates

Gabig, Magdalena; Herman-Antosiewicz, Anna; Kwiatkowska, Marta; Łoś, Marcin; Thomas, Mark S.; Węgrzyn, Grzegorz

doi:10.1099/00221287-148-5-1533

Cited by 33 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…EPEC, an E. coli pathovar that is associated with infant diarrhea and the production of attaching and effacing lesions on enterocytes, also colonizes the small intestine (17,19). EPEC has been demonstrated in numerous studies to respond to bile salts by increasing adhesion to epithelial cells (25,35,48). de Jesus et al demonstrated that bile exposure enhanced the adhesion of typical EPEC strain E2348/69 to Hep2 epithelial cells between 1.3-and 2.6-fold.…”

Section: Pathogenic E Colimentioning

confidence: 99%

Survival of the Fittest: How Bacterial Pathogens Utilize Bile To Enhance Infection

et al. 2016

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SUMMARYBacterial pathogens have coevolved with humans in order to efficiently infect, replicate within, and be transmitted to new hosts to ensure survival and a continual infection cycle. For enteric pathogens, the ability to adapt to numerous host factors under the harsh conditions of the gastrointestinal tract is critical for establishing infection. One such host factor readily encountered by enteric bacteria is bile, an innately antimicrobial detergent-like compound essential for digestion and nutrient absorption. Not only have enteric pathogens evolved to resist the bactericidal conditions of bile, but these bacteria also utilize bile as a signal to enhance virulence regulation for efficient infection. This review provides a comprehensive and up-to-date analysis of bile-related research with enteric pathogens. From common responses to the unique expression of specific virulence factors, each pathogen has overcome significant challenges to establish infection in the gastrointestinal tract. Utilization of bile as a signal to modulate virulence factor expression has led to important insights for our understanding of virulence mechanisms for many pathogens. Further research on enteric pathogens exposed to thisin vivosignal will benefit therapeutic and vaccine development and ultimately enhance our success at combating such elite pathogens.

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Section: Pathogenic E Colimentioning

confidence: 99%

Survival of the Fittest: How Bacterial Pathogens Utilize Bile To Enhance Infection

et al. 2016

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“…Dam is also required for phase variation of expression of the agn43 gene (also designated flu) in E. coli (72,116,126). This gene encodes the outer membrane protein Ag43, which causes autoaggregation, enhances biofilm formation, and may affect phage adsorption (64,100,269). The regulation of phase variation of Ag43 is quite different from that of pap and requires only the oxidative stress response protein OxyR in addition to Dam.…”

Section: Epigenetic Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase and Antigenic Variation in Bacteria

2004

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Phase and antigenic variation result in a heterogenic phenotype of a clonal bacterial population, in which individual cells either express the phase-variable protein(s) or not, or express one of multiple antigenic forms of the protein, respectively. This form of regulation has been identified mainly, but by no means exclusively, for a wide variety of surface structures in animal pathogens and is implicated as a virulence strategy. This review provides an overview of the many bacterial proteins and structures that are under the control of phase or antigenic variation. The context is mainly within the role of the proteins and variation for pathogenesis, which reflects the main body of literature. The occurrence of phase variation in expression of genes not readily recognizable as virulence factors is highlighted as well, to illustrate that our current knowledge is incomplete. From recent genome sequence analysis, it has become clear that phase variation may be more widespread than is currently recognized, and a brief discussion is included to show how genome sequence analysis can provide novel information, as well as its limitations. The current state of knowledge of the molecular mechanisms leading to phase variation and antigenic variation are reviewed, and the way in which these mechanisms form part of the general regulatory network of the cell is addressed. Arguments both for and against a role of phase and antigenic variation in immune evasion are presented and put into new perspective by distinguishing between a role in bacterial persistence in a host and a role in facilitating evasion of cross-immunity. Finally, examples are presented to illustrate that phase-variable gene expression should be taken into account in the development of diagnostic assays and in the interpretation of experimental results and epidemiological studies

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“…Recent investigations have demonstrated that the ability of Ag43 to mediate cell-cell interactions contributes to E. coli biofilm formation in minimal media (88), and microarray experiments have revealed that Ag43 expression was significantly higher within the biofilm than at any stage of planktonic growth (437). Interestingly, Ag43 was also demonstrated to facilitate , P1, and T4 phage infection of E. coli (150), raising the possibility that phage therapy could be used for certain E. coli-mediated diseases (526).…”

Section: Antigen 43mentioning

confidence: 99%

Type V Protein Secretion Pathway: the Autotransporter Story

Henderson

Navarro-Garcı́a

Desvaux

et al. 2004

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

713

795

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Gram-negative bacteria possess an outer membrane layer which constrains uptake and secretion of solutes and polypeptides. To overcome this barrier, bacteria have developed several systems for protein secretion. The type V secretion pathway encompasses the autotransporter proteins, the two-partner secretion system, and the recently described type Vc or AT-2 family of proteins. Since its discovery in the late 1980s, this family of secreted proteins has expanded continuously, due largely to the advent of the genomic age, to become the largest group of secreted proteins in gram-negative bacteria. Several of these proteins play essential roles in the pathogenesis of bacterial infections and have been characterized in detail, demonstrating a diverse array of function including the ability to condense host cell actin and to modulate apoptosis. However, most of the autotransporter proteins remain to be characterized. In light of new discoveries and controversies in this research field, this review considers the autotransporter secretion process in the context of the more general field of bacterial protein translocation and exoprotein function

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The cell surface protein Ag43 facilitates phage infection of Escherichia coli in the presence of bile salts and carbohydrates

Abstract: It was found that infection of

Cited by 33 publications

References 35 publications

Survival of the Fittest: How Bacterial Pathogens Utilize Bile To Enhance Infection

Survival of the Fittest: How Bacterial Pathogens Utilize Bile To Enhance Infection

Phase and Antigenic Variation in Bacteria

Type V Protein Secretion Pathway: the Autotransporter Story

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