The cellular basis for antibody formation

Fitch, Frank W.; Via, Mariano F. La; Gunderson, Carl H.

doi:10.1002/jcp.1030500417

Cited by 71 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…There is evidence that all primary immune responses involve the induction of specific primitive cells in lymphatic tissue with subsequent proliferation and differentiation (Conway, 1937;Rich et al, 1939J Fagraeus, 1948Ringertz and Adamson, 1950;Coons et ad., 1955;Makinodan et al, 1954;Iliorbecke and Keuning, 1955;Wissler et al, 1957;Ward et al, 1959). A most important problem remaining unanswered is the origin and life history of these cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bloom (1938) called them "large lymphocytes." They have also been called "developing plasma cells" by Koluch et al (1947), "transitional cells" by Fagraeus (1948), "plasmablasts" by Coons et al (1955), and Marshall and White (1950), "splenic tumor cells" by Rich et al ( 1939), "AB-forming cells" ·by Wissler (1957), and "primitive reticulum cells" by Mellors and Korngold ( 1963). A later study by Marshall and White (1950) incorporated a more critical histologic as well as cytologic evaluation of the lymphatic tissue response to antigenic stimulation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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AN AUTORADIOGRAPHIC AND HISTOLOGIC STUDY OF SPLEEN WHITE PULP GERMINAL CENTERS DURING EARLY INTERVALS OF THE PRIMARY IMMUNE RESPONSE (thesis)

Mg¹

1964

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

AN AUTORADIOGRAPHIC AND HISTOLOGIC STUDY OF SPLEEN WHITE PULP GERMINAL CENTERS DURING EARLY INTERVALS OF THE PRIMARY IMMUNE RESPONSE (thesis)

Mg¹

1964

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“…The tissues from animals sacrificed 4,6,8,12, and 18 days after the injection of endotoxin were essentially similar to those of the control animals. There was no detectable hyperplasia of the white or red pulp.…”

Section: Group C (Normal)--thementioning

confidence: 57%

“…Recently, a definitive study of the sequential histologic changes in rat spleens after the administration of two particulate antigens, sheep red blood cells and intact, killed Sabrwnella typhosa organisms, has been presented by Wissler, Fitch, LaVia, and Gunderson (12). A proliferation and differentiation of cells confined almost exclusively to the red pulp was correlated by them with antibody production.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on the Adjuvant Action of Bacterial Endotoxins on Antibody Formation

Ward

Johnson

Abell

1959

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

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Many investigators have recorded experiments designed to show the participation of one cell or another in antibody formation, and the experimental evidence for each has recently been reviewed by McMaster (1) and by Good (2). However, due to the sparcity of cellular reaction incited by a single injection of antigen, a lack of cytologic description and information exists concerning the origin and mechanism of differentiation of antibody forming cells following an initial a~tigenic stimulus.In this regard, McNeil (3, 4) has examined the changes in proximal lymph nodes of rabbits induced by single and multiple subcutaneous injections of bovine serum albumin. Primary stimuli apparently caused a hyperplasia of lymphobiasts, lymphocytes, and plasma cells, while multiple stimuli resulted in the appearance of giant cells. The latter were postulated by McNeil to be due to a stimulation of reticular cell elements of the medullary portion of the lymph nodes. Using the same antigen, Makinodan and Wolfe (5, 6), examined the spleens of chickens at various intervals after a single injection, and considered the cells important in antibody formation to be derived from the plasma cell lineage. Blast forms predominated 2 days after the administration of the antigen, with definitive plasma cells appearing on the 4th day, 2 days prior to the presence of circulating antibody.Coons and associates, utilizing a fluorescein labelling technique (7-10), examined both the primary and the hyperimmune response in several rabbit tissues. After the subcutaneous introduction of soluble diphtheria toxoid, changes were observed primarily in the medullary areas of regional lymph nodes. Differentiation toward plasma cells was observed. A second stimulus increased markedly the number of cells containing demonstrable intracellular antibody. In the spleens of hyperimmune rabbits

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“…The histological observations and studies on the serum antibody during primary (1) and secondary response indicate that both 19S and 7S antibodies to BGG in the rabbit are formed by cells derived from large blast cells of lymphoid tissue, presumably ~mmature plasma ceils and possibly also lymphocytes (25).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Gamma Globulin and Antibody Formation in Vitro

Thorbecke

Asofsky

Hochwald

et al. 1962

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

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Antibody formation in vitro by red and white pulp of the spleen and by bone marrow tissue was studied at various days after an intravenous booster injection of soluble antigens such as ovalbumin and bovine gamma globulin (BGG). When the booster injection of antigen was given early (10 days) after an intravenous primary injection, high antibody formation could be demonstrated in the spleen primarily 2 to 3 days after the injection, but much less afterwards. When the booster injection was given later (1 month) after the primary, the antibody production by the spleen lasted longer and higher serum titers were obtained. The bone marrow formed antibody in both cases but, particularly with the short interval between injections, its response was delayed as compared to the spleen. It was also shown that during antibody formation the production of gamma globulin in vitro was enhanced. Histologically the antibody production was always correlated to immature plasma cell proliferation, located at the border of red and white pulp and in the red pulp of the spleen. When endotoxin had been injected at the time of a primary BGG injection, and a second antigen injection was given 5 to 10 days later, a booster response could be elicited which was sometimes limited to the white pulp on day 1, and on day 2 was divided between "red" and "white" pulp. The response induced at day 10, at the peak of secondary nodule proliferation, lasted very long and was accompanied by an enormous plasma cellular proliferation in and around the periarteriolar lymphoid areas of the spleen. The possible importance of the secondary nodules of the white pulp in the preparation for a secondary response is discussed.

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The cellular basis for antibody formation

Cited by 71 publications

References 64 publications

AN AUTORADIOGRAPHIC AND HISTOLOGIC STUDY OF SPLEEN WHITE PULP GERMINAL CENTERS DURING EARLY INTERVALS OF THE PRIMARY IMMUNE RESPONSE (thesis)

AN AUTORADIOGRAPHIC AND HISTOLOGIC STUDY OF SPLEEN WHITE PULP GERMINAL CENTERS DURING EARLY INTERVALS OF THE PRIMARY IMMUNE RESPONSE (thesis)

Studies on the Adjuvant Action of Bacterial Endotoxins on Antibody Formation

Gamma Globulin and Antibody Formation in Vitro

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