The central extended amygdala network as a proposed circuit underlying reward valuation

Waraczynski, Meg

doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2005.09.001

Cited by 67 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 183 publications

(220 reference statements)

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“…Indeed, a recent study of adolescents engaged in a task in which peer acceptance and rejection were experimentally manipulated (Nelson et al, 2007) revealed greater activation when subjects were exposed to peer acceptance, relative to rejection, within brain regions implicated in reward salience (i.e., the ventral tegmental area, extended amygdala, and ventral pallidum). Because these same regions have been implicated in many studies of reward-related affect (cf., Berridge, 2003;Ikemoto & Wise, 2004;Waraczynski, 2006), these findings suggest that, at least in adolescence, social acceptance by peers may be processed in ways similar to other sorts of rewards, including nonsocial rewards (Nelson et al, 2007). As I explain later, this overlap between the neural circuits that mediate social information processing and reward processing helps to explain why so much adolescent risk-taking occurs in the context of the peer group.…”

Section: Remodeling Of the Dopaminergic System At Pubertymentioning

confidence: 99%

A social neuroscience perspective on adolescent risk-taking

Steinberg¹

2008

Developmental Review

2,837

2,098

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This article proposes a framework for theory and research on risk-taking that is informed by developmental neuroscience. Two fundamental questions motivate this review. First, why does risktaking increase between childhood and adolescence? Second, why does risk-taking decline between adolescence and adulthood? Risk-taking increases between childhood and adolescence as a result of changes around the time of puberty in the brain's socio-emotional system leading to increased rewardseeking, especially in the presence of peers, fueled mainly by a dramatic remodeling of the brain's dopaminergic system. Risk-taking declines between adolescence and adulthood because of changes in the brain's cognitive control system -changes which improve individuals' capacity for selfregulation. These changes occur across adolescence and young adulthood and are seen in structural and functional changes within the prefrontal cortex and its connections to other brain regions. The differing timetables of these changes make mid-adolescence a time of heightened vulnerability to risky and reckless behavior.

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Section: Remodeling Of the Dopaminergic System At Pubertymentioning

confidence: 99%

A social neuroscience perspective on adolescent risk-taking

Steinberg¹

2008

Developmental Review

2,837

2,098

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“…The ventral striatopallidum (VSP) consists of the nucleus accumbens, the olfactory tubercle, the ventral parts of the caudate nucleus and the putamen (caudatoputamen in rodents) and the ventral pallidum, which integrates emotional, cognitive and sensory information and is implicated in linking motivation to behaviour (Heimer et al, 2008;Waraczynski, 2006). The extended amygdala (EA) is a cell continuum emerging from the central or medial amygdaloid nuclei via the sublenticular region up to the bed nuclei of the stria terminalis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Ventral Striatopallidum and Extended Amygdala in Huntington Disease

Petrasch‐Parwez¹,

Habbes²,

Löbbecke-Schumacher³

et al. 2012

The Amygdala - A Discrete Multitasking Manager

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“…The ventral striatopallidal system together with the extended amygdala serve as key pathways for emotional and motivational mechanisms that guide goaldirected behaviour (Davis and Whalen, 2001;Heimer and Van Hoesen, 2006). Through an extensive network of connections, the extended amygdala acts as an interface; translating motivationally-relevant information from the amygdala, brainstem nuclei, and other sensoryreceptive structures, and computing its relative value to inform the ventral striatopallidum and brainstem areas for appropriate autonomic, behavioural and somatomotor responses (for a review, see Waraczynski (2006)). The VS (and globus pallidus) is well documented to be involved in motivating effort exertion in rewarding contexts (Adam et al, 2013;Le Bouc and Pessiglione, 2013;Pessiglione et al, 2007;Schmidt et al, 2009;Schmidt et al, 2012), and effort-related decision-making in both humans and animals (Salamone and Correa, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How emotion context modulates unconscious goal activation during motor force exertion

2017

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A B S T R A C TPriming participants with emotional or action-related concepts influences goal formation and motor force output during effort exertion tasks, even without awareness of priming information. However, little is known about neural processes underpinning how emotional cues interact with action (or inaction) goals to motivate (or demotivate) motor behaviour. In a novel functional neuroimaging paradigm, visible emotional images followed by subliminal action or inaction word primes were presented before participants performed a maximal force exertion. In neutral emotional contexts, maximum force was lower following inaction than action primes. However, arousing emotional images had interactive motivational effects on the motor system: Unpleasant images prior to inaction primes increased force output (enhanced effort exertion) relative to control primes, and engaged a motivation-related network involving ventral striatum, extended amygdala, as well as right inferior frontal cortex. Conversely, pleasant images presented before action (versus control) primes decreased force and activated regions of the default-mode network, including inferior parietal lobule and medial prefrontal cortex. These findings show that emotional context can determine how unconscious goal representations influence motivational processes and are transformed into actual motor output, without direct rewarding contingencies. Furthermore, they provide insight into altered motor behaviour in psychopathological disorders with dysfunctional motivational processes.

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The central extended amygdala network as a proposed circuit underlying reward valuation

Cited by 67 publications

References 183 publications

A social neuroscience perspective on adolescent risk-taking

A social neuroscience perspective on adolescent risk-taking

The Ventral Striatopallidum and Extended Amygdala in Huntington Disease

How emotion context modulates unconscious goal activation during motor force exertion

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