The Central Nervous System in Regulation of Erythropoiesis

Halvorsen, S

doi:10.1159/000209112

Cited by 38 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…The present experiments examine another possibility, namely that the autonomic nervous system may be important in the control of Erythropoietin secretion under hypoxic conditions (Halvorsen, 1966;Takaku, Hirashima & Okinaka, 1962). The results suggest that the Erythropoietin secreting system within the kidney may be under the partial control of the autonomic nervous system in the hypoxic rat.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…The concentration of Erythropoietin in the serum of experimental animals has also been altered by the stimulation or removal of certain parts of the autonomic nervous system, and by the infusion of sympathomimetic drugs (Halvorsen, 1966;Fisher, Roh, Malgor & Novek, 1971). The results of these experiments have prompted the suggestion that the autonomic nervous system may be concerned in the regulation of Erythropoietin secretion and possibly mediate the effects of hypoxia and anaemia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The influence of the autonomic nervous system in the control of erythropoietin secretion in the hypoxic rat.

Beynon¹

1977

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. Erythropoietin has been measured in the serum of hypoxic rats that have been exposed to 6 hr of hypoxia, by use of a biological assay.2. The effects of section of splanchnic, renal and sinus nerves on the concentration of Erythropoietin present in the serum of the hypoxic animals has been investigated.3. Serum levels of Erythropoietin were reduced in the hypoxic animals immediately after cutting the splanchnic nerves, but unaltered one week after the operation.4. The concentration of Erythropoietin in the serum of hypoxic rats was increased by the section of the renal nerves. Section of the sinus nerves abolished the effect.5. Elevated levels of Erythropoietin were present in the sera of hypoxic rats immediately after section of the sinus nerves. The effect was still obtained when the animals were exposed to hypoxia 1 week after cutting the nerves, though in attenuated form.6. The rise in the concentration of the hormone after chronic section of the sinus nerves was estimated as 261 % (fiducial limits 167-513, P = 0.05), by parallel line bio-assay.7. The concentration of Erythropoietin in the serum of hypoxic rats was progressively elevated as the arterial P02 of the animals was reduced.Section of the sinus nerves did not alter the secretion of Erythropoietin in these experiments.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of the autonomic nervous system in the control of erythropoietin secretion in the hypoxic rat.

Beynon¹

1977

The Journal of Physiology

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“…Early investigations denied any trophic effect of the innervation on haemopoiesis, but Webber et al (1970) recently reported that stimulation of lumbar sympathetic nerves caused an immediate release of reticulocytes. Halvorsen (1966) and Feldman et al (1966) also have reported that the nervous system affects haemopoiesis.…”

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confidence: 96%

Innervation of Bone Marrow in the Rabbit

Miller

McCuskey

1973

Scandinavian Journal of Haematology

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The tibias of fetal, neonatal and mature New Zealand albino rabbits were investigated histochemically to elucidate the development of innervation of the blood vessels and parenchyma in the marrow cavity. The neurovascular complex in the marrow was developed poorly at birth. Adrenergic nerves were detected with difficulty and accompanied thin walled blood vessels which could not be identified as either arterial or venous. Large bundles of nerves, suggesting the beginning of myelination, appeared by the 5th neonatal day. Simultaneously, several other morphological changes occurred. Arteries in the marrow developed a PAS positive adventitia which loosely held the nerve bundles; complete internal elastic lamellae and muscular medias also were seen for the first time. Concomitantly, there was incrcease in sulfated acid mucopolysaccharides in the connective tissue of the developing marrow cavity and large numbers of osteoclasts were seen in the enlarging marrow cavity. At this time scattered foci of early haemopoietic activity were found. In the adult, adrenergic and cholinesterase positive nerves were distributed along both arteries and veins. Adrenergic fibers also were present on arterioles and on thin walled vessels (sinusoids and venules). Among the parenchyma, cholinesterase positive fibers were found more frequently than were adrenergic fibers. While some of the fibers were observed near haemopoietic foci and fat cells, no specific terminations were observed. The ratio of fibers to cellular elements in the marrow did not seem to differ with the degree of haemopoietic activity. The results suggest that the development of a mature neurovascular complex is critical to the establishment of microenvironment suitable for haemopoiesis to occur. In addition, the reported neural influence on haemopoiesis is suggested to be mediated through vasomotor activity.

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“…It was shown that hypophysectomized animals are not able to respond to a hypoxic stimulus with increased Epo production. Electrical stimulation of the hypothalamic region leads to an elevated Epo concentration in blood (15).…”

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confidence: 99%

Is the renal production of erythropoietin controlled by the brain stem?

Wussow¹,

Klaus²,

Pagel³

2005

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

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Although the structure and function of erythropoietin (Epo) are well documented, the mechanisms of the regulation of the renal synthesis of Epo are still poorly understood. Especially, the description of the localization and function of the O2-sensitive sensor regulating the renal synthesis of Epo is insufficient. A body of evidence suggests that extrarenal O2-sensitive sensors, localized particularly in the brain stem, play an important role in this connection. To support this concept, high cerebral pressure with consecutive hypoxia of the brain stem was generated by insufflation of synthetic cerebrospinal fluid into the catheterized cisterna magna of rats. When the cerebral pressure of the rats was above the level of their mean arterial blood pressure or the high cerebral pressure persisted for a longer period (Ն10 min), the Epo plasma concentration increased significantly. Bilateral nephrectomy or hypophysectomy before initiation of high intracranial pressure abolished this effect. Systemic parameters (heart rate, blood pressure, PaO 2 , PaCO 2 , arterial pH, renal blood flow, glucose concentration in blood) were not affected. Other stressors, like restricting the mobility of the rats, had no effect on Epo production. Hence, the effect of high cerebral pressure on renal synthesis of Epo seems to be specific. Increasing cerebral hydrostatic pressure leads to increased renal synthesis of Epo. Obviously, during hypoxia, cerebral O2-sensitive sensors release humoral factors, triggering the renal synthesis of Epo. The structure and function of these "Epo-releasing-factors" will have to be characterized in future experiments. rat; oxygen sensor; high cerebral pressure; nephrectomy; hypophysectomy ERYTHROPOIETIN (EPO), A GLYCOPROTEIN HORMONE produced primarily by the adult kidney, is responsible for the regulation of the production rate of red blood cells. The structure and function of the molecule are well documented (for an over-

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The Central Nervous System in Regulation of Erythropoiesis

Cited by 38 publications

References 20 publications

The influence of the autonomic nervous system in the control of erythropoietin secretion in the hypoxic rat.

The influence of the autonomic nervous system in the control of erythropoietin secretion in the hypoxic rat.

Innervation of Bone Marrow in the Rabbit

Is the renal production of erythropoietin controlled by the brain stem?

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