The CERN Heavy Ion Accelerating Facility

Abstract

CERN's Lead Ion Accelerating Facility has been operating successfully for its first physics run. The facility, supported financially by some member states and designed, built and installed in a collaboration with several other laboratories (not only from member states), features a completely new linac and a major upgrade of the existing CERN machines. This paper reviews the design philosophy and discusses the present performance and the first operating experience.

The radiation environment in and near high gradient rf cavities

“…Dark current electrons tend to be very low energy and can be ranged out in very thin absorbers. It has been proposed that the LH2 absorbers will filter these to a significant extent, since the dE/dx losses of these absorbers will be equal to the energy gain of the muons, and thus, roughly equal to the energy of the dark current electrons [11]. Hydrogen has a very long radiation length so x ray production will be minimal.…”

ECRIS Sources For Highly Charged Ions

“…Since the plan is to accelerate heavy ions up to Pb, the new source has been dubbed the "lead injector" [3].…”

Acceleration of lead ions in the CERN PS Booster and the CERN PS

“…Once the optimum charge state (Pb 53+ ) and energy of the injector (4.2 MeV/u) had been chosen [2], the operational pulse-to-pulse variability (PPM) of particle species and intensities in the PS and its four-ring Booster (PSB) dictate the main beam parameters (Table I). …”