The CES-D as a Measure of Psychological Distress Among International Students: Measurement and Structural Invariance Across Gender

Suh, Hanna; Nuenen, Marieke van; Rice, Kenneth G.

doi:10.1177/1073191116632337

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Findings from the current study indicate that for African American adults, noninvariance exists in two item loadings and some of the thresholds within the 12-item CES-D. Consequently, the construct of depressive symptoms is being interpreted differently among African American men and women and latent mean scores should not be compared across groups. Earlier studies have examined tests of MI when exploring differences across other race and gender groups (Canady et al, 2009; Suh, van Nuenen, & Rice, 2017). The current study, however, offers a unique contribution to the literature by offering evidence of noninvariance within a nationally representative sample of African Americans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing for measurement invariance across gender in the 12-item CES-D: An investigation among a nationally representative sample of African Americans.

Goodwill¹

2021

Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology

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Objectives: Previous studies have conducted tests of measurement invariance (MI) when comparing depressive symptoms across race groups. However, investigations that explore potential within-group differences remain scant. Thus, the current study sought to uncover whether noninvariance exists when using the 12-item CES-D to measure depressive symptoms in African American women and men. Method: Responses from a nationally representative sample of 1,271 African American men and 2,299 African American women who participated in the National Survey of American Life (2001–2003) were analyzed. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were used to first assess dimensionality of the 12-item CES-D. Next MI tests were performed to determine whether the factor structure differed for men and women. Results: The 2-factor model was retained, and partial metric invariance was achieved. Noninvariance was found in 2 loadings and some of the thresholds. Conclusions: Results suggest that noninvariance may help explain disparate rates of depressive symptoms among African American men and women. Additional consideration should be given before comparing latent mean scores across groups.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing for measurement invariance across gender in the 12-item CES-D: An investigation among a nationally representative sample of African Americans.

Goodwill¹

2021

Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology

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“…In a recent study, the CES-D was used to understand COVID-19related depression among international students in Germany [41]. Furthermore, even before the pandemic began, the CES-D was used in Japan [42], the United States [43], and Taiwan [6,16] to assess depression levels among international students, to name a few. As a general rule, depression scores greater than or equal to 16 are considered depressed [40].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moderating Effects of Intercultural Social Efficacy and the Role of Language in the Context of Coping Strategies in Study Abroad Depression

Roberts

Ching

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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This study examined the relationship between intercultural social efficacy (ISE), coping strategies, Mandarin Chinese and English language proficiency, and depression. In total, 1870 foreign students in Taiwan participated in the study. Study results indicated that aspects of background demographics may influence depression levels. Participants with an immigrant background and those who are older are more likely to suffer from depression; however, gender and length of stay do not seem to affect depression. The moderating effects of Mandarin Chinese and English language proficiency and ISE on the relationship between coping strategies and depression were examined. Based on the results, the moderating role of Mandarin Chinese and English language proficiency was not supported, suggesting that coping strategies are independent of linguistic proficiency. However, knowing both languages is an important factor in reducing the stress of studying abroad. Additionally, the results confirmed the moderating effects of ISE, suggesting that a higher level of social effectiveness reinforces the negative association between coping strategies and depression. Students who are better able to interact with other cultures may be able to develop effective coping strategies. Moreover, this study found that although most of the study abroad students were not depressed, early intervention and prevention measures could help alleviate possible mental health crises.

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“…Item responses are averaged, and higher scores indicate more symptoms of depression. The CES-D has been used in hundreds of studies with a large range of samples, and consistently demonstrates strong internal reliability coefficients (Birnholz & Young, 2012; Schrick, Sharp, Zvonkovic, & Reifman, 2012; Suh, van Nuenen, & Rice, 2017). In the current study, Cronbach’s alpha for responses to the items was .92.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

What Is Bad From the Gander Is Bad From the Goose: Development and Validation of the Women’s Objectification of Women Scale

et al. 2018

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Existing measures of experiences of sexualization and objectification of women focus on behaviors that men do toward women. However, women may also contribute to the objectification of other women. The aim of the present study was to develop the Women's Objectification of Women Scale (WOWS). Through a series of four studies using samples of college women and samples obtained through MTurk, we (a) established that existing measures of objectification focus on behaviors that men perform, (b) gathered qualitative data on women's experiences of objectification by women, (c) developed models of the WOWS using classical test theory methods and item response theory, and (d) subjected the WOWS to confirmatory factor analysis and validity testing. The WOWS is a psychometrically sound, brief assessment of women's experiences of objectification by other women and may help further research on women's interpersonal experiences as they pertain to body image concerns, mental health, and well-being.

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The CES-D as a Measure of Psychological Distress Among International Students: Measurement and Structural Invariance Across Gender

Cited by 12 publications

References 65 publications

Testing for measurement invariance across gender in the 12-item CES-D: An investigation among a nationally representative sample of African Americans.

Testing for measurement invariance across gender in the 12-item CES-D: An investigation among a nationally representative sample of African Americans.

Moderating Effects of Intercultural Social Efficacy and the Role of Language in the Context of Coping Strategies in Study Abroad Depression

What Is Bad From the Gander Is Bad From the Goose: Development and Validation of the Women’s Objectification of Women Scale

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