The Chador Malu Iron Ore Deposit (Bafq District, Central Iran) — Magnetite Filled Pipes

Förster, Hansgeorg; Jafarzadeh, Ali Asghar

doi:10.1127/njgpa/168/1984/524

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…The ore texture/structure, wall rock alteration, and the common occurrence of apatite in the Chadormalu, and most other iron oxide deposits in the Bafq district (e.g., [19,31,41]) are consistent with their classification as IOA deposits. Apatite in Chadormalu occurs as magnetite-apatite veins cutting the altered rocks ( Figure 3a,b); as disseminated magnetite-apatite associations and grain aggregates in the marginal parts of the main ore body ( Figure 3c,d); and as irregular magnetite-apatite veinlets in the internal parts of the main ore body (Figure 3e,f).…”

Section: Mine-scale Geologysupporting

confidence: 48%

Multiple Stage Ore Formation in the Chadormalu Iron Deposit, Bafq Metallogenic Province, Central Iran: Evidence from BSE Imaging and Apatite EPMA and LA-ICP-MS U-Pb Geochronology

et al. 2018

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Abstract:The Chadormalu magnetite-apatite deposit in Bafq metallogenic province, Central Iran, is hosted in the late Precambrian-lower Cambrian volcano-sedimentary rocks with sodic, calcic, and potassic alterations characteristic of iron oxide copper-gold (IOCG) and iron oxide-apatite (IOA) ore systems. Apatite occurs as scattered irregular veinlets and disseminated grains, respectively, within and in the marginal parts of the main ore-body, as well as apatite-magnetite veins in altered wall rocks. Textural evidence (SEM-BSE images) of these apatites shows primary bright, and secondary dark areas with inclusions of monazite/xenotime. The primary, monazite-free fluorapatite contains higher concentrations of Na, Si, S, and light rare earth elements (LREE). The apatite was altered by hydrothermal events that led to leaching of Na, Si, and REE + Y, and development of the dark apatite. The bright apatite yielded two U-Pb age populations, an older dominant age of 490 ± 21 Ma, similar to other iron deposits in the Bafq district and associated intrusions, and a younger age of 246 ± 17 Ma. The dark apatite yielded a U-Pb age of 437 ± 12 Ma. Our data suggest that hydrothermal magmatic fluids contributed to formation of the primary fluorapatite, and sodic and calcic alterations. The primary apatite reequilibrated with basinal brines in at least two regional extensions and basin developments in Silurian and Triassic in Central Iran.

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Section: Mine-scale Geologysupporting

confidence: 48%

Multiple Stage Ore Formation in the Chadormalu Iron Deposit, Bafq Metallogenic Province, Central Iran: Evidence from BSE Imaging and Apatite EPMA and LA-ICP-MS U-Pb Geochronology

et al. 2018

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“…In the Zarigan area, the rhyolites are intruded by 525 ± 7 and 529 ± 16 Ma old shallow-level leucogranites of the 'Narigan-Zarigan type'. The CVSU is unconformably overlain by the Lower Cambrian Zaigun-Lalun Formation and the Middle Cambrian trilobite-bearing Mila Formations (Förster and Jafarzadeh 1994).…”

Section: Geologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some of the researchers believed that ironapatite ores of Posht-e-Badam Block have genetic relation with alkaline intrusions that took place nearby (Williams and Houshmand Zadeh 1966;Daliran 1990;Förster and Jafarzadeh 1994;Darvish Zadeh and Al-e-Taha 1996;Samani 1999;Moore and Modaberi 2003;Jami 2005;Daliran and Stosch 2005). In this part of the paper, we are going to compare the REE patterns of syenitic and gabbroic intrusions located near the Esfordi and Lakeh Siah deposits with patterns of the iron-apatite ores.…”

Section: Geochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Investigators supporting an immiscible liquid magmatic model of formation included Förster and Borumandi (1971) and Förster and Jafarzadeh (1984) who reported magnetite lava flows, sills, dykes and magnetite-bearing pyroclastic rocks at Chador Malu and suggested a carbonatitic affinity for the Fe-oxide melt (a theme amplified in the account of the Posht-e-Badam Block magnetiteapatite deposits by Förster and Jafarzadeh 1984). Förster and Jafarzadeh (1994) considered that magmatic materials in the Posht-e-Badam Block to be the product of differentiation and liquid immiscibility of a mela-nephelinitic melt. Jafarzadeh (1981) interpreted the Chador Malu deposit as an explosive vent filled with magnetite melt.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genesis of iron-apatite ores in Posht-e-Badam Block (Central Iran) using REE geochemistry

2013

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Rare earth elements in apatites of different ore types show characteristic patterns which are related to different modes of formation of the ores. Most of the apatite-bearing iron ores are associated with alkaline magmas with LREE/HREE fractionation varying from moderate to steep. Iron-apatite deposits in Posht-e-Badam Block (Central Iran) have a high concentration of REE (more than 1000 ppm up to 2.5%), and show a strong LREE/HREE ratio with a pronounced negative Eu anomaly. This REE pattern is typical of magmatic apatite and quiet distinct from sedimentary apatites (phosphorites) which have a low REE contents and Ce negative anomalies. On the other hand, they are comparable to the REE patterns of apatites in Kiruna-type iron ores in different parts of the world. The REE patterns of apatites, iron-apatite ores and iron ores are similar and only have different REE contents. This similarity indicates a genetic relation for these rocks. Most of the iron-apatite deposits in Central Iran have similar REE patterns too, which in turn show a genetic relation for all of these deposits. This similarity indicates a similar origin and processes in their genesis. There are some small intrusions around some of the iron-apatite deposits that are petrographically identified as syenite and gabbro. These intrusions also have REE patterns similar to that of iron-apatite ores. This demonstrates a genetic relation between these intrusions and iron-apatite ores. The REE patterns of apatites in different deposits of Posht-e-Badam Block iron-apatite ores show an affinity to alkaline to sub-alkaline magmas and rifting environment. The alkaline host rocks of Central Iran iron-apatite ores are clearly related to an extensional setting where rifting was important (SSE-NNW fault lines). A probable source for this large scale ore forming processes is relatively low partial melting of mantle rocks. The ores have originated by magmatic differentiation as a late phase in the volcanic cycle forming sub-surface injections or surface flows. These ores have formed during magmatism as immiscible liquids (silicate and Fe-P-rich magmatic liquids) which separated from strongly differentiated magmas aided by a large volatile and alkali element content. Separation of an iron oxide melt and the ensuing hydrothermal processes dominated by alkali metasomatism were both involved to different degrees in the formation of Posht-e-Badam Block iron-apatite deposits. We proposed that the separation of an iron oxide melt and the ensuing hydrothermal processes dominated by alkali metasomatism were both involved to different degrees in the formation of Posht-e-Badam Block iron-apatite deposits.

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“…Magmatic models involving immiscibility between silicate and iron oxide-rich melts have widely been proposed for the genesis of Kirunatype deposits (e.g., Philpotts 1967Philpotts , 1982Frietsch 1978Frietsch , 1984Naslund et al 2000). Similar models have been developed for the Bafq district iron oxide-apatite deposits including ChadorMalu (e.g., Williams and Houshmand-Zadeh 1996;Förster and Borumandi 1971;Förster and Jafarzadeh 1984;Jami 2005). Interpreting magnetite lava flows and magnetitebearing pyroclastic rocks at Chador-Malu, the latter researches supported an immiscible liquid magmatic model of formation, and suggested a carbonatitic affinity for the ore melt based on textural evidence such as xenomorphic calcite and dolomite in the grain boundaries of magnetite, and the absence of relicts of pre-existing carbonates within magnetite grains.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Geology, geochemistry, and some genetic discussion of the Chador-Malu iron oxide-apatite deposit, Bafq District, Central Iran

et al. 2015

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The Chador-Malu iron oxide-apatite system (Bafq District, Central Iran) contains the largest known iron ore deposit in Iran (pre-mining reserve of 400 Mt @ 55 % Fe), and comprises the pipe-like northern (this study) and the sill-like southern orebodies of predominantly massive ore, and a sodic-calcic alteration envelope. The geology and geochemistry of the Chador-Malu deposit demonstrates its similar characteristics to the Kiruna-type deposits. There is circumstantial evidence for rare earth elements (REE) mobilization during apatite leaching by high-temperature fluids and associated monazite nucleation. Pervasive actinolitization of the rhyolitic country rocks led to the formation of actinolite-rich metasomatic host rocks, which represent another evidence for hightemperature fluids at Chador-Malu. Hydrothermal mineralization is suggested by small iron ore veins (2-3 cm thick) and breccias cemented by iron oxides, as well as a Fe-metasomatism which overprints all types of host rock alteration. Based on REE geochemistry and spatial relationships, it is proposed that a potential source for metals and P could be late-stage Fe-P melt differentiates of the Cambrian magmatism, which is consistent with the late Fe-metasomatism of the host rocks. The proposed Fe-P melts and the mineralization would be linked by hydrothermal media through the zones of ring fracture at Chador-Malu and similar parts of the Bafq district.

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The Chador Malu Iron Ore Deposit (Bafq District, Central Iran) — Magnetite Filled Pipes

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

Multiple Stage Ore Formation in the Chadormalu Iron Deposit, Bafq Metallogenic Province, Central Iran: Evidence from BSE Imaging and Apatite EPMA and LA-ICP-MS U-Pb Geochronology

Multiple Stage Ore Formation in the Chadormalu Iron Deposit, Bafq Metallogenic Province, Central Iran: Evidence from BSE Imaging and Apatite EPMA and LA-ICP-MS U-Pb Geochronology

Genesis of iron-apatite ores in Posht-e-Badam Block (Central Iran) using REE geochemistry

Geology, geochemistry, and some genetic discussion of the Chador-Malu iron oxide-apatite deposit, Bafq District, Central Iran

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