The Chaîne des Puys volcanoes of the Auvergne, France

Nowell, David

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2451.2008.00693.x

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…The Auvergne is a volcanic region in the Massif Central dominated by the Chaîne des Puys, a series of volcanic cones, domes, and craters west of Clermont-Ferrand (199). On the route from Montaigut-le-Blanc to Champeix in Puy-de-Dôme, the arched openings to the caves of Saint-Julien where wine was aged before the powdery mildew (Oidium tuckeri) and phylloxera epidemics of grapevines, can be seen from a distance.…”

Section: Tales Of Mold-ripened Cheesementioning

confidence: 99%

The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly: Tales of Mold-Ripened Cheese

O.S.B.¹,

Benson

2013

Microbiol Spectr

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The history of cheese manufacture is a "natural history" in which animals, microorganisms, and the environment interact to yield human food. Part of the fascination with cheese, both scientifically and culturally, stems from its ability to assume amazingly diverse flavors as a result of seemingly small details in preparation. In this review, we trace the roots of cheesemaking and its development by a variety of human cultures over centuries. Traditional cheesemakers observed empirically that certain environments and processes produced the best cheeses, unwittingly selecting for microorganisms with the best biochemical properties for developing desirable aromas and textures. The focus of this review is on the role of fungi in cheese ripening, with a particular emphasis on the yeast-like fungus Geotrichum candidum. Conditions that encourage the growth of problematic fungi such as Mucor and Scopulariopsis as well as Arachnida (cheese mites), and how such contaminants might be avoided, are discussed. Bethlehem cheese, a pressed, uncooked, semihard, Saint-Nectaire-type cheese manufactured in the United Sates without commercial strains of bacteria or fungi, was used as a model for the study of stable microbial succession during ripening in a natural environment. The appearance of fungi during a 60-day ripening period was documented using light and scanning electron microscopy, and it was shown to be remarkably reproducible and parallel to the course of ripening of authentic Saint-Nectaire cheese in the Auvergne region of France. Geotrichum candidum, Mucor, and Trichothecium roseum predominate the microbiotas of both cheese types. Geotrichum in particular was shown to have high diversity in different traditional cheese ripening environments, suggesting that traditional manufacturing techniques selected for particular fungi. This and other studies suggest that strain diversity arises in relation to the lore and history of the regions from which these types of cheeses arose.

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Section: Tales Of Mold-ripened Cheesementioning

confidence: 99%

The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly: Tales of Mold-Ripened Cheese

O.S.B.¹,

Benson

2013

Microbiol Spectr

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“…Different western European volcanic regions in Iceland and Greenland (e.g. Housley et al, 2012), France (Chaîne des Puys; Jouannic et al, 2022; Miallier et al, 2010; Nowell, 2008), Italy (e.g. Milia and Torrente, 2020) and Canary Islands (Rodriguez-Gonzalez et al, 2018) experienced volcanic eruptions during the Late Plesitocene and/or the Holocene.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Youngest Iberian Holocene volcanic eruptions and paleoenvironmental evolution of a barrier-paleolake in the Garrotxa Volcanic Field (NE Spain)

et al. 2023

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Volcanic eruptions are key drivers of climate variability, with complex environmental consequences at regional and local scales that are rarely documented in high-resolution sedimentary records. In this work we present the results of a 15 m long paleolake core (Pla de les Preses core, Vall d’en Bas, Girona, NE Spain) covering the Late Pleistocene-Holocene transition. Multiproxy analyses including chronostratigraphy, sedimentology, micropalaeontology and geochemistry are used to reconstruct the paleoenvironmental framework of the Late Pleistocene-Holocene transition and to detect the youngest Holocene volcanic eruptions in the Garrotxa Volcanic Field (GVF) and the Iberian Peninsula. The studied sedimentary record covers the last ca. 13.5 ka cal BP and was punctuated by several rapid climatic changes including the 9.3, 8.2 and 7.1 ka events, affecting the hydrological evolution of a barrier-lake formed due to the volcanic damming of the Fluvià river. Sedimentological and geochemical analyses unveil the environmental history of Vall d’en Bas valley; the formation of a lacustrine area within a fluvial environment around 13.5 ka cal BP and later a wetland phase between 9.3 and 8.2 ka cal BP. Abrupt sedimentary changes marking the onset and demise of the wetland phase were linked to hemispheric cooling and drying events (e.g. 9.3 and 8.2 ka cal BP), provoking a decline in the water table during these phases. In addition, 30 tephra layers are detected thorough the core, showing previously unknown intense volcanic activity from 13.5 to 8.3 ka cal BP in the GVF. In that sense, the Pla de les Preses sequence provides, for the first time, evidence for early Holocene volcanic activity in NE Iberia that should be taken into account in future tephra studies in the western Mediterranean realm.

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“…Monogenetic cone damming a stream and creating a lake is represented e.g. by Puy du Tararet damming the Lake of Chambon in French Massif Central (Nowell 2006). The influence of lavadammed lake on eruptive style and transition from Strombolian to phreatomagmatic eruption was described e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variable eruptive styles in an ancient monogenetic volcanic field: examples from the Permian Levín Volcanic Field (Krkonoše Piedmont Basin, Bohemian Massif)

Stárková¹,

Rapprich²,

Breitkreuz³

2012

J. Geosci.

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The Permian pyroclastic deposits of the Levín Volcanic Field within the Krkonoše Piedmont Basin were studied in terms of volcanology. Pyroclastic rocks are exposed in two quarries and the study was supported with a 30 m deep borehole K1 penetrating these rocks. The pyroclastic rocks are altered but preserved textures enable reconstruction of eruptive styles. The volcanic sequence exposed in the abandoned Hvězda quarry starts with a phreato-Strombolian pyroclastic rocks rich in basaltic scoria, cuspate glass shards, armoured-and accretionary lapilli overlain with mafic lava. Subsequent activity was phreatomagmatic in style and produced fall-out of accretionary lapilli and accumulation of base surge deposits. Overlying subhorizontally bedded matrix-supported pyroclastic deposits are rich in scoria and contain spindle-shaped bombs. These rocks are interpreted as mafic pyroclastic flow deposits related to Strombolian eruptions. A similar succession capped by scoriaceous fall-out deposit was documented in the K1 borehole. A coherent mafic volcanic rock (lava or sill) terminates the succession exposed in the Hvězda quarry. Agglutinates at the base of the Studenec quarry were produced during Hawaiian eruptions building up a spatter cone. The cone most probably dammed a stream and created an ephemeral lake. Increasing influence of water on eruptive styles is documented in overlying pyroclastic deposits of phreatomagmatic eruptions. Subsequent lava flowed into the lake. Quenching of the lava resulted in formation of pillows enclosed in hyaloclastite breccia. Further up in the exposure, transition of pillow to massive lava has been recognized. Overlaying pyroclastic deposits are matrix-supported and rich in scoria and spindle-shaped bombs. Similarly to the Hvězda quarry, these are interpreted as mafic pyroclastic flow deposits. Volcanic activity in the Levín Volcanic Field was characterized by Hawaiian, Strombolian, phreato-Strombolian and phreatomagmatic eruptions accompanying lava effusions and possibly sills emplacement. The lavas were emitted in both subaerial and subaquatic conditions. The character and distribution of volcaniclastic facies suggests existence of several monogenetic volcanoes.

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The Chaîne des Puys volcanoes of the Auvergne, France

Cited by 8 publications

References 1 publication

The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly: Tales of Mold-Ripened Cheese

The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly: Tales of Mold-Ripened Cheese

Youngest Iberian Holocene volcanic eruptions and paleoenvironmental evolution of a barrier-paleolake in the Garrotxa Volcanic Field (NE Spain)

Variable eruptive styles in an ancient monogenetic volcanic field: examples from the Permian Levín Volcanic Field (Krkonoše Piedmont Basin, Bohemian Massif)

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