AcknowledgementsThe research team acknowledges the assistance of Frances Plummer and Kevin Bradburn, NSW DET; the teachers of the nine case study schools who were welcoming, open and supportive of this research; the many teachers in Quality Teaching Action Learning projects, who responded to surveys or took the time to engage in conversations with the researchers; Kate Aubusson for research assistance; and the support staff at the Faculties of Education at the University of Technology, Sydney and the University of Wollongong.
Action learningAction learning is concerned with improvement and change. Schmuck (1998, 28) provides a description which could be applied to action learning: "(the) study (of) a real school situation with a view to improving the quality of action and results within it. It aims also to improve one's professional judgment and to give insight into how better to achieve desirable educational goals. … (It) offers a means for changing from current practice toward better practice."The focus on improving action and providing answers to significant questions is expressed succinctly by the more recent picture Yates (2004, 173) provides of what good practitioner inquiry looks like: 'it … provides a "way of seeing" or an approach to, or a guide to action on, or answers about "something that matters".'There are several noteworthy characteristics of action learning: ! It is applied so that the practitioner uses the investigation as a methodology to gain understanding about how to improve practice. ! It is often both subjective and objective: it may involve self-reflective inquiry and inquiry-oriented practice directed towards obtaining meaningful data. ! It most typically occurs in school-based teams and involves dialogue with significant others about the nature of practice and the process of learning. ! It operates through cycles of reflecting, planning, acting, data collecting, analysing, reflecting again, re-planning, and so on. (Dick, 1997; Schmuck, 1998)
Quality Teaching frameworkThe NSW Quality Teaching framework (NSW DET, 2003) incorporates the NSW model of pedagogy. The 18 elements of the NSW model of pedagogy may be applied to all learning areas and all stages. These elements are incorporated into three dimensions relating to classroom practice:! Intellectual quality, involving deep understanding of important skills and concepts; and a view of learning as actively constructed and requiring higher-3 order thinking and the ability to communicate understandings. The elements of this dimension are: deep knowledge, deep understanding, problematic knowledge, higher-order thinking, metalanguage and substantive communication. ! Quality learning environments, involving productive learning environments focused on learning, positive relationships and clear expectations between teachers and students. The elements of this dimension are: explicit quality criteria, engagement, high expectations, social support, students' selfregulation and student direction. ! Significance, involving meaningful learning t...