The challenge of crafting policy for do-it-yourself brain stimulation

Abstract

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), a simple means of brain stimulation, possesses a trifecta of appealing features: it is relatively safe, relatively inexpensive and relatively effective. It is also relatively easy to obtain a device and the do-it-yourself (DIY) community has become galvanised by reports that tDCS can be used as an all-purpose cognitive enhancer. We provide practical recommendations designed to guide balanced discourse, propagate norms of safe use and stimulate dialogue between the DIY community and regulatory authorities. We call on all stakeholders—regulators, scientists and the DIY community—to share in crafting policy proposals that ensure public safety while supporting DIY innovation.

Effects of tDCS on motor learning and memory formation: A consensus and critical position paper

“…(Goodman et al, 2016) A unique concern that has emerged with transcranial electrical stimulation techniques, is that the simplicity, low-cost nature of, and public access to the technology has lead to the emergence of a popular do-it-yourself movement where individuals participate in selfexperimentation without oversight. Such data is not part of well-designed experimental protocols (Fitz & Reiner, 2015;Riggall et al, 2015;Wexler, 2016). An additional worrisome aspect of this movement is that no studies have investigated yet the long-term effects associated with tDCS chronic use (for further reading please see http://www.ifcn.info/uploadfiles/documents/2015/Using_tES_devices_as_DIY_FINAL_13Dec1 5.pdf).…”

Progress and challenges in probing the human brain

“…Simple transcranial electrical stimulation (tDCS) devices are available to consumers at relatively low cost and regulation is minimal 100 . Given the public interest in this method and the rudimentary state of knowledge about its effects, it is crucial that the safety and efficiacy of these methods are established.…”

The Neuroenhancement of Healthy Individuals Using tDCS: Some Ethical, Legal and Societal Aspects

“…Such considerations would of course need to be supported by expert ad stakeholder opinions and by empirical research data in order to produce a well-informed and evidence-based policy. A good policy would ultimately engage regulators, scientists and the DIY community in crafting policy proposals that ensure public safety while still supporting (DIY) tDCS innovation [42].…”