The Challenge of Monitoring Impurity Content of CO2 Streams

Abstract

Carbon capture and storage has gained increased attention during the last decade, and several full-scale projects are currently being planned. From economic and public acceptance point of view it is important to ensure that the transportation system is operated in a safe manner, avoiding threats such as corrosion or formation of solid matters. Thus, routine chemical analyses are required to ensure that the CO2 stream complies with the required specifications. The CO2 will usually be transported in the liquid or supercritical state (high pressure), which makes the practicalities around chemical analyses difficult. Phase transition from liquid or supercritical state to gaseous state may also introduce several physiochemical effects that may affect the analyses. This paper discusses technical and practical challenges with CO2 stream analyses experienced in a joint industry project that studied corrosion and chemical reactions in a simulated CO2 transport system.

Corrosion behavior of X65 steel in gaseous and liquid CO2 transport environments containing multiple impurities and different H2O content

“…will also lead to changes in the phase state of the CO2 fluid. It can cause the distribution of impurity components such as H2O and derivative products to change over time and space, affecting the corrosion of carbon steel pipelines and causing safety issues in pipeline transportation [10,16,17]. Presently, the research on H2O content in transporting CO2 is mostly limited to a single and stable transport state system [18,19].…”

CO2 Compression and Liquefaction Processes Using a Distillation Column for the Flexible Operation of Transportation

“…The CCS technology consists of CO 2 capture (using absorption, adsorption, cryogenic purification, and membranes), CO 2 compression and liquefaction (CCL), CO 2 transportation (via trucks, ships, and pipelines), and sequestration in the ground, sea, and depleted reservoirs [4][5][6]. The composition of a CO 2 -rich mixture captured from combustion processes depends on the fuel type (e.g., coal, natural gas, oil, and biomass) and capture technologies, such as pre-, post-, and oxy-combustion [7][8][9]. The CO 2 mixture contains various impurities such as H 2 O, H 2 S, CO, SO 2 , Ar, H 2 , CH 4 , O 2 , N 2 , and NH 3 [10,11].…”