The challenge of radicalisation: a public health approach to understanding and intervention

Bhui, Kamaldeep; Jones, Edgar

doi:10.1201/9780429020070-12

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…That rates of mental health difficulties are in line with those in the general population suggests that there is value in considering public health primary prevention approaches to countering terrorism which has been recommended by others (e.g., Bhui & Jones, 2017). Here the focus is upstream of the problem of concern, where resources are invested in communities to bolster resilience and access to healthcare etc., to reduce rates of psychological problems or ability to cope with problems and with the potential consequence that communities become resilient to crime in all its forms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Mental disorder, psychological problems and terrorist behaviour: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Sarma

Carthy

Cox

2022

Campbell Systematic Reviews

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Background: The link between mental health difficulties and terrorist behaviour has been the subject of debate for the last 50 years. Studies that report prevalence rates of mental health difficulties in terrorist samples or compare rates for those involved and not involved in terrorism, can inform this debate and the work of those responsible for countering violent extremism.Objectives: To synthesise the prevalence rates of mental health difficulties in terrorist samples (Objective 1-Prevalence) and prevalence of mental health disorders pre-dating involvement in terrorism (Objective 2-Temporality). The review also synthesises the extent to which mental health difficulties are associated with terrorist involvement compared to non-terrorist samples (Objective 3-Risk Factor).Search Methods: Searches were conducted between April and June 2022, capturing research until December 2021. We contacted expert networks, hand-searched specialist journals, harvested records from published reviews, and examined references lists for included papers to identify additional studies.Selection Criteria: Studies needed to empirically examine mental health difficulties and terrorism. To be included under Objective 1 (Prevalence) and Objective 2 (Temporality), studies had to adopt cross-sectional, cohort, or case-control design and report prevalence rates of mental health difficulties in terrorist samples, with studies under Objective 2 also needing to report prevalence of difficulties before detection or involvement in terrorism. For Objective 3 (Risk Factor) studies where there was variability in terrorist behaviour (involved vs. not involved) were included.Data Collection and Analysis: Captured records were screened in DisillterSR by two authors. Risk of bias was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute checklists, and random-effects meta-analysis conducted in Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software.Results: Fifty-six papers reporting on 73 different terrorist samples (i.e., studies) (n = 13,648) were identified. All were eligible for Objective 1. Of the 73 studies, 10

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Mental disorder, psychological problems and terrorist behaviour: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Sarma

Carthy

Cox

2022

Campbell Systematic Reviews

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“…As such interventions become more common, debates rage within mental health professions about the role mental health practitioners should play in countering violent extremism (Summerfield, 2016;McGarry, 2016;Khoshnood, 2017;Bhui & Jones, 2017;Dom et al, 2018;Weine & Kansal, 2019;Younis & Jadhav, 2019;Augestad Knudsen, 2020). These debates regularly point toward the ambiguities and seemingly contrasting findings uncovered within various empirical studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic Review of Mental Health Problems and Violent Extremism

Gill¹,

Clemmow²,

Hetzel³

et al. 2020

The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology

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A wide range of studies investigating the nature and determinants of radicalisation, and terrorist-related behaviour exist. These, in turn, have influenced theory, policy and practice in areas concerned with violent extremism prevention, disruption and management. As such interventions become more common, debates rage within mental health professions about the role mental health practitioners should play in countering violent extremism. This systematic review assesses the impact of mental health problems upon attitudes, intentions and behaviours in the context of radicalisation and terrorism. We identified 25 studies that measured rates of mental health problems across 28 samples. The prevalence rates are heterogenous and range from 0% to 57%. If we pool the results of those samples (n=19) purely focused upon confirmed diagnoses where sample sizes are known (n=1705 subjects), the results suggest a rate of 14.4% with a confirmed diagnosis. Where studies relied upon wholly, or in some form, upon privileged access to police or judicial data, diagnoses occurred 16.96% of the time (n=283 subjects). Where studies were purely focused upon open sources (n=1089 subjects), diagnoses were present 9.82% of the time. We then explore (a) the types and rates of mental health disorders identified (b) comparison/control group studies (c) studies that explore causal roles of mental health problems and (d) other complex needs.

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“…Researchers have pointed to the value of case studies in identifying mechanisms of action that result in behavioral changes, which can be used to develop interventions that are refined in case series and clinical trials before implementation in public health settings (Rounsaville et al, 2001;Onken et al, 2014). C/PVE intervention developers have acknowledged an inability to identify discrete mechanisms of action for violence whose behaviors can be modified through public health interventions (Bhui & Jones, 2017;Weine et al, 2017). Our project contributes to C/PVE.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analyzing predisposing, precipitating, and perpetuating factors of militancy through declassified interrogation summaries: A case study

Aggarwal¹

2020

Transcult Psychiatry

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Researchers and policymakers have supported a public health approach to countering violent extremism throughout the War on Terror. However, barriers to obtaining primary data include concerns from minority groups about stigmatization, the ethics of harming research subjects by exposing them to violent content, and restrictions on researchers from institutions and governments. Textual analyses of declassified documents from government agencies may overcome these barriers. This article contributes a method for analyzing the predisposing, precipitating, and perpetuating factors of terrorism through open source texts. This method is applied to FBI interrogation summaries of Al Qaeda terrorist Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab who attempted an attack aboard an airplane in 2009. This analysis shows that consuming militant content online led him to narrow his social relationships offline to extremists and foster identifications with subjugated Muslims around the world. After deciding to wage militancy, loyalty to Al Qaeda members, swearing allegiance to and obeying group leaders, and interpreting religious texts militantly perpetuated violent activities. Such work can advance empirical work on militant behavior to develop interventions.

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The challenge of radicalisation: a public health approach to understanding and intervention

Cited by 5 publications

References 14 publications

Mental disorder, psychological problems and terrorist behaviour: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Mental disorder, psychological problems and terrorist behaviour: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Systematic Review of Mental Health Problems and Violent Extremism

Analyzing predisposing, precipitating, and perpetuating factors of militancy through declassified interrogation summaries: A case study

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