The challenge of radicalisation: a public health approach to understanding and intervention

Abstract

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Occurrence of Psychiatric Disorders, Self-Sufficiency Problems and Adverse Childhood Experiences in a Population Suspected of Violent Extremism

“…A considerable number of individuals appeared to be vulnerable in several ways. In fact, we found that 32.4% of CVE subjects had severe and complex problems to an extent that is comparable with homeless clients in Amsterdam (40). This finding is similar to a previous study by Fassaert et al (43) in a population of offenders of serious violent crime, of whom 35.9% had complex self-sufficiency problems to an extent that was comparable to homeless people in Amsterdam.…”

“…This information can be deducted by case or vignette studies and may be especially relevant in mental disorders like autism spectrum disorders, psychosis, PTSD and addictions ( 10 , 31 , 63 , 64 ). Further research is needed to shed more light on the role of mental disorder in the complex, individualized, heterogenous pathways to radicalization and terrorism ( 10 , 14 , 40 , 63 ). In the context of the screening for the CVE program, however, it is important to note that we actually do formulate individualized hypotheses on the association between the problem areas that are observed during the screening and the process of radicalization or violent behavior.…”

“…Other complex needs that have been studied and have an association with radicalized individuals include traumatic experiences, for example physical, sexual, emotional abuse, parental abandonment, domestic violence and discrimination, both in early childhood and later in life (10). While these studies illustrate a range of complex needs, life experiences and stressors, they point to a highly individual spectrum of risk and protective factors (24,40), which is in line with the aforementioned socio-ecological model (12). Against this background, the third and final set of outcomes in this study include self-sufficiency problems, defined as the (in)ability to realize an acceptable level of functioning, by organizing appropriate care or support in the most important domains of daily life (41).…”

Sympathy for violent radicalization among college students in Quebec (Canada): The protective role of a positive future orientation.

“…VR acts are the result of political, economic, social, and psychological processes that are often associated with increasing sympathy for violence seen as a legitimate mean to reach a specific (political) goal (Bhui & Jones, 2017; Bhui, Silva, Topciu, & Jones, 2016; Schmid, 2013). Although the relation between violent acting out and sympathy for VR is not linear, the latter may be considered as an early indicator of risk of involvement in extremist and violent activities later in life (Bhui et al, 2016).…”

Radicalization to Violence: A View from Cultural Psychiatry

“…These ethical challenges include maintaining the confidentiality of people who access care and ensuring appropriate collaboration across the medical and criminal justice sectors. Cultural psychiatrists have advocated for public health approaches to the prevention of radicalization to violence (Bhui, et al, 2012;Bhui & Jones, 2017;Weine, et al, 2017). In this context, the term prevention covers a wide range of practices which include working at the whole population level on attitudes, grievances and social climate (primary prevention), as well as targeted interventions for individuals or groups that are deemed high risk (secondary prevention), and rehabilitation programs for those who have already been involved, to varying degrees, in extremist or radical activities leading to violence (tertiary prevention).…”