The Challenge of Storage in the Hydrogen Energy Cycle: Nanostructured Hydrides as a Potential Solution

Hanlon, James; Reardon, Hazel; Tapia‐Ruiz, Nuria; Gregory, Duncan H.

doi:10.1071/ch11437

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 120 publications

(143 reference statements)

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“…Yet of all these methods, the latter has the advantages of safe long‐term storage and transportation. This is especially true in the case of metal borohydrides [10,11] . These solids can be stored safely at room temperature and ambient pressure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the Behaviour of Real Metaborates in Solution

et al. 2022

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Alkali metal borohydrides are promising candidates for large-scale hydrogen storage. They react spontaneously with water, generating dihydrogen and metaborate salts. While sodium borohydride is the most studied, potassium has the best chance of commercial application. Here we examine the physical and chemical properties of such self-hydrolysis solutions. We do this by following the hydrogen evolution, the pH changes, and monitoring the reaction intermediates using NMR. Most studies on such systems are done using dilute solutions, but real-life applications require high concentrations. We show that increasing the borohydride concentration radically changes the system's microstructure and rheology. The changes are seen already at concentrations as low as 5 w/w%, and are critical above 10 w/w%. While dilute solutions are Newtonian, concentrated reaction solutions display non-Newtonian behaviour, that we attribute to the formation and (dis)entanglement of metaborate oligomers. The implications of these findings towards using borohydride salts for hydrogen storage are discussed.[a] F. Pope, N.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the Behaviour of Real Metaborates in Solution

et al. 2022

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“…An umber of solid-state materials have been investigated but none yet meets the US Department of Energy (DoE) targets for hydrogen storage. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] Thus,s olid-state hydrogen storage remains as cientific and technical challenget owards implementing a" Hydrogen Economy''. [9,10] With the aim of acceleratingt he market introduction of hydrogen and FC technologies,t he Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Joint Undertaking (FCH JU) [11] launched the HYPER project in 2012.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hydrogen is the fuel (energy vector) of choice for high‐performance fuel cells (FCs), but its potential use for mobile applications is likely only to be realized if advanced solid‐state storage solutions are developed. A number of solid‐state materials have been investigated but none yet meets the US Department of Energy (DoE) targets for hydrogen storage . Thus, solid‐state hydrogen storage remains a scientific and technical challenge towards implementing a “Hydrogen Economy′′ …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ammonia Borane Based Nanocomposites as Solid‐State Hydrogen Stores for Portable Power Applications

et al. 2018

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Ammonia borane (AB) based nanocomposites are studied with the aim of developing a promising solid‐state hydrogen store that complies with the requirements of a modular polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEM FC) in a portable power pack system. AB‐carbon nanocomposites (prepared via ball milling or solution‐impregnation) demonstrate improved hydrogen release performance compared to AB itself in terms of onset temperature and hydrogen purity, while maintaining a gravimetric density of more than 5 wt. % H2. The most promising of these materials is an AB‐AC (activated carbon) composite, synthesized via solution impregnation with an optimal dehydrogenation temperature of 96 °C. When combined with an external nickel chloride filter downstream, no evolved gaseous by‐products can be detected above 100 ppb. The feasibility of an AB‐AC storage tank is further investigated using simulations in which the reaction rate and the hydrogen flux is found to be nearly constant as the temperature front propagated from the bottom to the top of the tank after initiation.

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“…The influence of heteroatoms as hydrogen and others on the ground and excited states properties of lithium clusters is of considerable interest too . The hydrogenated lithium clusters are important as models for the study of the interaction of hydrogen with metal atoms as well as with metal surfaces, and are expected to play a crucial role in the design of efficient hydrogen storage devices . The fluoride lithium clusters are of great interest too and the small ones belong to a group called hypervalent or hypermetalated molecules like Li 2 F, Li 3 F, and Li 4 F, with 9, 10, and 11 valence electrons, respectively, that violate the octet rule .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum monte carlo study of the energetics of small hydrogenated and fluoride lithium clusters

et al. 2016

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An investigation of the energetics of small lithium clusters doped either with a hydrogen or with a fluorine atom as a function of the number of lithium atoms using fixed-node diffusion quantum Monte Carlo (DMC) simulation is reported. It is found that the binding energy (BE) for the doped clusters increases in absolute values leading to a more stable system than for the pure ones in excellent agreement with available experimental measurements. The BE increases for pure, remains almost constant for hydrogenated, and decreases rapidly toward the bulk lithium for the fluoride as a function of the number of lithium atoms in the clusters. The BE, dissociation energy as well as the second difference in energy display a pronounced odd-even oscillation with the number of lithium atoms. The electron correlation inverts the odd-even oscillation pattern for the doped in comparison with the pure clusters and has an impact of 29%-83% to the BE being higher in the pure cluster followed by the hydrogenated and then by the fluoride. The dissociation energy and the second difference in energy indicate that the doped cluster Li3 H is the most stable whereas among the pure ones the more stable are Li2 , Li4 , and Li6 . The electron correlation energy is crucial for the stabilization of Li3 H. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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The Challenge of Storage in the Hydrogen Energy Cycle: Nanostructured Hydrides as a Potential Solution

Cited by 9 publications

References 120 publications

Understanding the Behaviour of Real Metaborates in Solution

Understanding the Behaviour of Real Metaborates in Solution

Ammonia Borane Based Nanocomposites as Solid‐State Hydrogen Stores for Portable Power Applications

Quantum monte carlo study of the energetics of small hydrogenated and fluoride lithium clusters

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