The Challenge of the Individualistic Mycelium

Rayner, A. D. M.

doi:10.1080/00275514.1991.12025978

Cited by 153 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…Of course, the complex and coordinated behaviour of the fungal mycelium may have profound effects on species combatibility and hence community development. For example, the fusion (anastomoses) between hyphae and, therefore, continuity of protoplasm, of the same or similar species of ascomycete or basidiomycete fungi may improve combatibility of species within ecosystems by improving the survival of the populations of genomic organelles, nuclei and mitochondria [12, 17]. Furthermore, changes in mycelial organisation (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interspecific fungal interactions in spatially heterogeneous systems

White

Sturrock

Ritz³

et al. 1998

FEMS Microbiology Ecology

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The community dynamics of two‐ and three‐fungal species interactions derived for a tessellated agar model system are described. The microcosm allows for the varied prescription of: (1) the number of fungal species interacting; (2) the spatial configuration (patchiness) of the distribution of individuals; (3) the magnitude of scale of spatial occupation by different fungal individuals; and (4) the operation of antagonistic mechanisms based on contact or longer range diffusible components. Stepwise logistic regressions for two‐species interactions are used to inform the design of the multi‐species interaction tessellations. The model prescribes and investigates complex parameters, such as spatiotemporal heterogeneity and microcosm scale (e.g. population patchiness and crossing times). Data are quantified as proportion, interface class and state transition class of viable fungal species. Spatiotemporal heterogeneity is represented using a novel application of principal component analysis which shows good intuitive agreement with visual assessment of the interaction outcome patterns, and allows effective comparison of the data as a whole. The model demonstrates the influence of the complex and coordinated behaviour of fungal mycelia on community development: interaction outcome of three‐species interactions cannot be directly extrapolated from the relevant binary component interactions; interaction outcomes of the multi‐species tessellations appears to be neither random nor fully deterministic; a degree of stochasticity is apparent in all tessellation arrangements; the smaller scale tessellations produce more consistent interaction outcome results, probably because experimental scale affects the duration of transient behaviour; and different initial spatial configurations of inoculum (irrespective of inoculum quantity or proportion) influence community development and reproducibility.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interspecific fungal interactions in spatially heterogeneous systems

White

Sturrock

Ritz³

et al. 1998

FEMS Microbiology Ecology

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“…Spores or discrete hyphal fragments have operational individuality in that they can be extracted singly and used to initiate a new mycorrhiza. However, the mycelium of a fungal organism is a potential reservoir of different genotypes, depending on the degree of nuclear heterogeneity and migration, histocompatability, and nuclear exchange (Rayner 1991). Arbuscular fungi in Glomales are no exception.…”

Section: Suborganismal Assemblagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discovery, measurement, and interpretation of diversity in arbuscular endomycorrhizal fungi (Glomales, Zygomycetes)

Morton¹,

Bentivenga²,

Bever³

1995

Can. J. Bot.

109

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Measures of diversity depend on an eclectic taxonomy now being developed from comparisons of morphology, developmental programs, carbohydrate chemistry, fatty acids, and nucleotide sequences in a wide range of arbuscular fungal taxa obtained from living culture collections. Developmental patterns in character origin and transformation are providing clues of intrinsic causation in evolution of diversity. Extrinsic causation is being identified from population-level dynamics, as well as data on species numbers, abundance, composition, and distribution. Detection of species is based solely on sporulation, so that a combination of field sampling and various trap culture methods provide a more comprehensive estimate of fungal community organization. Species distributions rarely correlate with ecological gradients or hypothesized phylogenetic relationships, suggesting that an important causal factor of present-day distributions is dispersal over geologic time. Global distribution of both derived and ancestral species and representation of all genera in most plant root systems further indicate that local diversity has a strong historical component, with ecological processes of subordinate consequence. Ecological dynamics play a crucial role at the local level. They are governed by multilevel diversity among and within organisms of a species assemblage, such as differences in life history traits and heterogeneity of genetic and physiological properties, respectively. Key words: ecology, phylogeny, systematics, vesicular – arbuscular mycorrhizae.

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“…In fact, the rejection response can be so absolute that sibling clonal lines, which presumably possess the same mtDNA, also fail to exhange mt. This has helped in the postulate that distinct nuclear-mt relationships are critical for the expression of rejection responses (23). The existence of the two mtDNA types provides a means for testing mt compatability in these fungi.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Particular patterns could be correlated with pathogenicity, mating type, and geographical distribution in Cochliobolus heterostrophus (9), host preference in mycorrhizial fungi (6), and aggressiveness in Ophiostoma ulmi (13). The identification of mt markers in entomopathogenic fungi, whether they be genetic or physical, has had a significant impact on the study of organelle transmission and reproductive isolation in sexual fungi (10,23).…”

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confidence: 99%

Identification of Molecular Variants in Mitochondrial DNAs of Members of the Genera Beauveria, Verticillium, Paecilomyces, Tolypocladium , and Metarhizium

Hegedus

Khachatourians

1993

Appl Environ Microbiol

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A set of five mitochondrial (mt) probes derived from a strain of Beauveria bassiana was used to evaluate the similarity of mtDNAs from 15 additional isolates of this fungus and five genera of other entomopathogenic fungi. The probes and genes encoded for (shown in parentheses) were pBbmtE2 (NADI, ATP6), pBbmtE3 (ATP6, small rRNA [srRNAl), pBbmtE4 (srRNA, C03, NAD6), pBbSE1 (NAD6, tRNAVal, I, Ser 7rp, P"'o large rRNA [lrRNA]), and pBbXS1 (LrRNA). The probes produced identical hybridization patterns in EcoRI-digested DNA from nearly all isolates ofB. bassiana and Beauveria caledonica. Similar patterns were also observed with Beauveria densa. The isolates of B. caledonica and B. densa DNAs could be differentiated from each other and from B. bassiana on the basis of a Hindlll digestion and probing with pBbmtE3. Probe pBbmtE2 produced either a 5.0-kb or a 4.1-kb band in all of the B. bassiana isolates. This observation was used to categorize the mtDNA of B. bassiana into two types, designated A and B. Hybridization of the five probes produced distinct banding patterns in Beauveria brongniartii, Tolypocdadium cylindrosporum, Tolypocladium nivea, Metarhizium anisopliae, Verticillium kcanii, and Paecilomyces farinosus. Hybridizations carried out with multiple probes simultaneously present produced unique patterns which characterized the B. bassiana group from all other fungi tested. These results are discussed in terms of how mtDNA polymorphisms in B. bassiana may relate to natural population structures, mt transmission in deuteromycetes, and the use of mtDNA polymorphisms in structural analysis of mtDNA.

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The Challenge of the Individualistic Mycelium

Cited by 153 publications

References 78 publications

Interspecific fungal interactions in spatially heterogeneous systems

Interspecific fungal interactions in spatially heterogeneous systems

Discovery, measurement, and interpretation of diversity in arbuscular endomycorrhizal fungi (Glomales, Zygomycetes)

Identification of Molecular Variants in Mitochondrial DNAs of Members of the Genera Beauveria, Verticillium, Paecilomyces, Tolypocladium , and Metarhizium

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