The Challenges and Opportunities of Environmental Law Enforcement: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Introduction: The formation of environmental law in many countries worldwide will unavoidably be promoted and coordinated by the non-governmental environmental groups currently in the world. In addition, it will benefit some developing countries where environmental protection is not a priority, environmental laws are not well-established, and oversight is not rigorous enough. Objective of research: This paper aims to explore the challenges and opportunities of environmental law enforcement in many countries in the world. Methods: A systematic review was used in this study. Based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, this study followed the steps of a systematic review of the literature (PRISMA). The final sample of 35 publications was analyzed, considering the year of publication, methods utilized, geographical location, the topic of challenges, and opportunities in enforcing environmental law. Responding to environmental crime is largely the responsibility of government enforcement and regulatory authorities, whether at the national, subnational, or municipal levels. Results and Discussion: The primary reaction agencies in most areas of the world are police, customs and border protection, and environmental regulatory agencies. To assist developing nations in improving environmental legal instruments and supervision; to achieve the ultimate goal of regional and even global environmental law coordination; to train relevant persons, relevant agencies, and other topics in the necessary environmental skills and knowledge; and to transfer and teach environmental knowledge and law within a specified time frame. Conclusion: Although some countries have a thorough legislative structure for environmental protection, local government independence and law enforcement must be improved. The ability of environmental law to serve a purpose is critical in determining whether the measures should be fully implemented.