The challenges in developing effective canine infectious respiratory disease vaccines

Mitchell, Judy A.; Brownlie, Joe

doi:10.1111/jphp.12380

Cited by 15 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Studies of CPIV and Bb vaccine efficacy are regulated by European monographs, requiring specific efficacy and safety requirmemnts including the onset and duration of immunity. However, published studies are limited and there is debate on the differing efficacies demonstrated (Day et al, 2016;Ellis, 2015;Ellis and Krakowka, 2012;Mitchell and Brownlie, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

European surveillance of emerging pathogens associated with canine infectious respiratory disease

Mitchell

Cardwell

Leach

et al. 2017

Veterinary Microbiology

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Canine infectious respiratory disease (CIRD) is a major cause of morbidity in dogs worldwide, and is associated with a number of new and emerging pathogens. In a large multi-centre European study the prevalences of four key emerging CIRD pathogens; canine respiratory coronavirus (CRCoV), canine pneumovirus (CnPnV), influenza A, and Mycoplasma cynos (M. cynos); were estimated, and risk factors for exposure, infection and clinical disease were investigated. CIRD affected 66% (381/572) of the dogs studied, including both pet and kennelled dogs. Disease occurrence and severity were significantly reduced in dogs vaccinated against classic CIRD agents, canine distemper virus (CDV), canine adenovirus 2 (CAV-2) and canine parainfluenza virus (CPIV), but substantial proportions (65.7%; 201/306) of vaccinated dogs remained affected. CRCoV and CnPnV were highly prevalent across the different dog populations, with overall seropositivity and detection rates of 47% and 7.7% for CRCoV, and 41.7% and 23.4% for CnPnV, respectively, and their presence was associated with increased occurrence and severity of clinical disease. Antibodies to CRCoV had a protective effect against CRCoV infection and more severe clinical signs of CIRD but antibodies to CnPnV did not. Involvement of M. cynos and influenza A in CIRD was less apparent. Despite 45% of dogs being seropositive for M. cynos, only 0.9% were PCR positive for M. cynos. Only 2.7% of dogs were seropositive for Influenza A, and none were positive by PCR.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

European surveillance of emerging pathogens associated with canine infectious respiratory disease

Mitchell

Cardwell

Leach

et al. 2017

Veterinary Microbiology

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“…This disease possesses a multifactorial etiology, wherein multiple pathogens act sequentially or synergistically to cause the disease, which is common within large dog populations (Mitchell and Brownlie 2015). Currently, a number of viruses such as canine influenza virus (Crawford et al 2005;Song et al 2008), canine parainfluenza virus (Chen et al 2012;Weese and Stull 2013), canine pneumovirus (Decaro et al 2014;Mitchell et al 2013), canine distemper virus (Carvalho et al 2012;Ulrich et al 2014); bacteria such as Streptococcus (Jaeger et al 2013) and Bordetella bronchiseptica (Ellis et al 2014); and other pathogenic microorganisms, such as cardiopulmonary parasitic nematodes (Traversa et al 2010), are thought to lead to canine respiratory diseases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Establishment and characterization of a telomerase-immortalized canine bronchiolar epithelial cell line

Xie

Pang

Shan

et al. 2015

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

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Dogs are susceptible to infectious diseases that occur primarily in the respiratory tract. The airway epithelium acts as a first line of defense and is constantly exposed to microorganisms present in the environment. Respiratory epithelial cells have recently gained wide use as a cell model for studying the pathogenesis of human, murine or swine respiratory pathogen infections. However, studies of the pathogenic mechanisms of canine pathogens have been hindered by the lack of reliable respiratory cell lines. Here, we cultured primary canine bronchiolar epithelial cells (CBECs), whose characteristics were confirmed by their expression of the epithelial cell-specific marker cytokeratin 18, and have provided protocols for their isolation and ex vivo expansion. Further, we established immortalized CBECs containing the human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) gene via transfection of primary CBECs with the recombinant plasmid pEGFP-hTERT. Immortalized bronchiolar epithelial cells (hTERT-CBECs) retain the morphological and functional features of primary CBECs, as indicated by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, proliferation assays, karyotype analysis, telomerase activity assay, and Western blotting, which demonstrate that hTERT-CBECs have higher telomerase activity, an extended proliferative lifespan, and a diploid complement of chromosomes, even after Passage 50. Moreover, this cell line is not transformed, as evaluated using soft agar assays and tumorigenicity analysis in nude mice, and can therefore be safely used in future studies. The isolation and establishment of stable hTERT-CBECs is of great importance for use as an in vitro model for mechanistic studies of canine pathogenic infections.

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“…10 It has been demonstrated that mucosal Bordetella vaccines produce lower serum IgG titres than injectable vaccines 11 and that protective mucosal immunity is mediated by secretory IgA. 12 Mucosal antibodies were not measured in this study; however, mucosal IgG and IgA antibody responses to this vaccine have been measured (unpublished data) and indicate a favourable response to vaccination.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Thirteen‐month duration of immunity of an oral canine vaccine against challenge with Bordetella bronchiseptica

Scott-Garrard

Wang

Chiang

et al. 2020

Veterinary Record Open

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BackgroundVery few studies have evaluated the duration of immunity of Bordetella bronchiseptica vaccines in dogs, and to date, no studies have been published on the duration of immunity of oral canine Bordetella bronchiseptica vaccines. This study was designed to determine the effectiveness of a single dose of an oral B bronchiseptica vaccine in dogs when challenged 13 months after vaccination.MethodsTwo groups of approximately eight-week-old beagles were vaccinated once with 1 ml of placebo vaccine (oral, n=17) or 1 ml of Recombitek Oral Bordetella (oral, n=17). Thirteen months after vaccination, both groups were challenged with virulent B bronchiseptica via aerosolisation.ResultsThirteen of 17 dogs in the placebo group (76.5 per cent) and no dogs in the Recombitek Oral Bordetella vaccine group (0.0 per cent) developed spontaneous cough of two or more consecutive days (disease case definition). Dogs in the Recombitek Oral Bordetella group had a significantly lower prevalence of disease with prevented fraction of 1 (100 per cent prevention). In addition, the number of days coughing, duration of cough and prevalence of tracheal and nasal shedding were significantly lower for dogs vaccinated with Recombitek Oral Bordetella.ConclusionsThe study demonstrated that vaccination with Recombitek Oral Bordetella is effective in preventing disease and reducing shedding 13 months after vaccination when compared with dogs vaccinated with a placebo.

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The challenges in developing effective canine infectious respiratory disease vaccines

Cited by 15 publications

References 62 publications

European surveillance of emerging pathogens associated with canine infectious respiratory disease

European surveillance of emerging pathogens associated with canine infectious respiratory disease

Establishment and characterization of a telomerase-immortalized canine bronchiolar epithelial cell line

Thirteen‐month duration of immunity of an oral canine vaccine against challenge with Bordetella bronchiseptica

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