This book recognizes that sustainable development (SD) is a primary challenge of the twenty-first century (with poverty alleviation as the main goal), and sets out a framework called "sustainomics" (including the balanced inclusive green growth, or BIGG, path) developed over the past twenty-five years to meet that challenge. SD is defined here as "a process for improving the range of opportunities that enables individual human beings and communities to achieve their aspirations and full potential over a sustained period of time, while maintaining the resilience of economic, social and environmental systems." Links with the United Nations (UN) 2030 Agenda and the sustainable development goals (SDGs) are also explained.The main message of this volume is optimistic: although the problems are serious, an effective response can be mounted, provided we begin immediately. Sustainomics seeks to show us the first practical steps in making the transition from the risky business-as-usual scenario to a safer and more sustainable future.Sustainomics is "a transdisciplinary, integrative, comprehensive, balanced, heuristic and practical framework for making development more sustainable" (MDMS) (Munasinghe 2002a, p.1). Unlike other traditional disciplines, it focuses exclusively on SD. Thus, the first principle of the framework seeks to make ongoing and future development efforts more sustainable as a first step toward the ultimate goal of SD. Other key principles stress: (a) balanced consideration of the three dimensions of the SD triangle (social, economic and environmental); (b) fresh ideas by transcending conventional boundaries imposed by values, discipline, space, time, stakeholder viewpoints and operational needs; and (c) practical application of innovative methods and tools throughout the full cycle from data gathering to policy implementation and feedback.This volume also seeks to clearly illustrate the methodology with empirical case studies that are practical and policy relevant over a wide range of geographic-and time-scales, countries, sectors, ecosystems and circumstances. Every application does not necessarily give equal weight to all elements of the triangle (i.e., social, environmental and economic). Many cover all three aspects, while others primarily address two aspects (e.g., economic and environmental) or a single aspect (economic cost-benefit analysis [CBA], social multistakeholder consultative process, etc.), with the other aspects covered less prominently. In general, the book shows how a broad array of sustainomics-compatible methods