The challenges of ractopamine use in meat production for export to European Union and Russia

Niño, Alfredo M. Montes; Granja, Rodrigo H M M; Wanschel, Amarylis; Salerno, Alessandro G.

doi:10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.10.015

Cited by 44 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Furthermore, the overall effects of RAC on human health include cardiac stimulation, which causes an increased heart rate and systemic dilation of blood vessels (Shelver and Smith, 2002;Smith and Shelver, 2002;Du et al, 2014). This has led to an import prohibition of RAC-treated meat in many countries, notably Europe and China (Niño et al, 2017). Therefore, the importance of detection methods for RAC in animal feed is to help detect and thereby control the appearance of RAC in edible tissues.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel ractopamine–protein carrier conjugation and its application to the lateral flow strip test for ractopamine detection in animal feed

Preechakasedkit

Ngamrojanavanich

Khongchareonporn

et al. 2019

J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B

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In this work, a novel conjugate of ractopamine and bovine serum albumin (RAC-BSA) has been developed via the Mannich reaction, with a mole coupling ratio for RAC-BSA of 9:1. The proposed conjugation method provides a simple and one-step method with the use of fewer reagents compared with other conjugation methods for competitive immunoassays. RAC-BSA conjugation was used to fabricate a competitive lateral flow strip test for RAC detection in animal feed. For sample preparation, RAC was spiked in swine feed purchased from the local markets in Thailand, and methanol and running buffer at a volume ratio of 10:90 was used as extraction buffer. The procedures for sample preparation were completed within 25 min. Under optimal conditions, the limit of detection (LOD), assessed by the naked eye within 5 min, was found to be 1 ng/g. A semi-quantitative analysis was also conducted using a smart phone and computer software, with a linearity of 0.075-0.750 ng/g, calculated LOD of 0.10 ng/g, calculated limit of quantitation of 0.33 ng/g, and good correlation of 0.992. The recoveries were found in the range of 96.4%-103.7% with a relative standard deviation of 2.5%-3.6% for intra-and inter-assays. Comparison of the results obtained by the strip test with those obtained by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay had a good agreement in terms of accuracy. Furthermore, this strip test exhibited highly specific RAC detection without cross reactivity with related compounds. Therefore, the RAC-BSA conjugation via the Mannich reaction can be accepted as a one-step and easy conjugation method and applied to the competitive lateral flow strip test.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel ractopamine–protein carrier conjugation and its application to the lateral flow strip test for ractopamine detection in animal feed

Preechakasedkit

Ngamrojanavanich

Khongchareonporn

et al. 2019

J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B

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“…However, RAC is still frequently detected in swine and feed products. Therefore, the development of an effective method for RAC determination to control the amount of RAC in complex samples, especially the swine and feed products, is necessary for the assurance of consumer health [ 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproducible Molecularly Imprinted Piezoelectric Sensor for Accurate and Sensitive Detection of Ractopamine in Swine and Feed Products

Pan

et al. 2018

Sensors

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This paper describes the development of a reproducible molecularly imprinted piezoelectric sensor for the accurate and sensitive detection of ractopamine (RAC) in swine and feed products. The synthesized molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) was directly immobilized on the surface of a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) Au chip as the recognition element. The experimental parameters in the fabrication, measurement and regeneration process were evaluated in detail to produce an MIP-based piezoelectric sensor with high sensing capability. The developed piezoelectric sensor was verified to perform favorably in the RAC analysis of swine and feed products, with acceptable accuracy (recovery: 75.9–93.3%), precision [relative standard deviation (n = 3): 2.3–6.4%], and sensitivity [limit of detection: 0.46 ng g−1 (swine) and 0.38 ng g−1 (feed)]. This portable MIP-based chip for the piezoelectric sensing of RAC could be reused for at least 30 cycles and easily stored for a long time. These results demonstrated that the developed MIP-based piezoelectric sensor presents an accurate, sensitive and cost-effective method for the quantitative detection of RAC in complex samples. This research offers a promising strategy for the development of novel effective devices used for use in food safety analysis.

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“…Ractopamine is a beta-adrenergic agonist that alters nutrient metabolism and may promote greater muscle protein deposition, reducing fat content in the carcass (Ferreira et al, 2013). For pigs and cattle, ractopamine use as a feed additive is authorized in countries such as Brazil, United States, Canada, and South Korea (Niño et al, 2017), and there are many studies reporting that dietary ractopamine improves meat quality and animal performance (Andretta et al, 2012;Boler et al, 2012;Gerlemann et al, 2014;Kill et al, 2015). However, the European Union, China, Taiwan, and Russia have banned the use of this substance based on the lack of conclusive results on their safety for animal and human health (Niño et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For pigs and cattle, ractopamine use as a feed additive is authorized in countries such as Brazil, United States, Canada, and South Korea (Niño et al, 2017), and there are many studies reporting that dietary ractopamine improves meat quality and animal performance (Andretta et al, 2012;Boler et al, 2012;Gerlemann et al, 2014;Kill et al, 2015). However, the European Union, China, Taiwan, and Russia have banned the use of this substance based on the lack of conclusive results on their safety for animal and human health (Niño et al, 2017). As there is no global consensus on ractopamine use in meat production, the scientific community needs to generate more information about the safety and animal performance effectiveness of this beta-adrenergic agonist.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic and histologic responses of pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) fed diets supplemented with increasing concentrations of ractopamine

et al. 2018

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An experiment was conducted during 60 days with forty pacu males fed diets supplemented with increasing concentrations of ractopamine (0.00, 11.25, 22.50, 33.75, and 45.00 mg kg −1). Eight fish were evaluated for each experimental diet. Performance and survival rate of the fish were measured. At the end of the experiment, blood was collected to determine the levels of cortisol, triacylglycerol, and protein. Moreover, the liver was collected to determine the activities of glucose-6phosphate dehydrogenase and malic enzymes. The fillets were collected to determine chemical composition, and histologic cuts were analyzed to verify muscle growth and deposition of adipose tissue between muscle fibers. Increasing concentrations of dietary ractopamine did not change feed intake, fillet yield, fillet content of protein and ash, and frequency of relative distribution of muscle fibers. By increasing the dietary ractopamine concentration, the serum cortisol level was elevated. Ractopamine supplementation (45.00 mg kg −1) increased serum levels of triacylglycerol and protein and reduced the activity of hepatic lipogenic enzymes and the survival rate of the fish, probably in response to the high concentration of circulating cortisol. In addition, the higher level of ractopamine supplementation evaluated in this research impaired the weight gain and feed conversion. However, 11.25 mg kg −1 ractopamine reduced the ether extract level determined in the fillet and the fat deposition between muscle fibers, improving the nutritional quality of meat.

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The challenges of ractopamine use in meat production for export to European Union and Russia

Cited by 44 publications

References 29 publications

Novel ractopamine–protein carrier conjugation and its application to the lateral flow strip test for ractopamine detection in animal feed

Novel ractopamine–protein carrier conjugation and its application to the lateral flow strip test for ractopamine detection in animal feed

Reproducible Molecularly Imprinted Piezoelectric Sensor for Accurate and Sensitive Detection of Ractopamine in Swine and Feed Products

Metabolic and histologic responses of pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) fed diets supplemented with increasing concentrations of ractopamine

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