The Change in Pulmonary Alveolar Ventilation Achieved by Aiding the Deflation Phase of Respiration During Anesthesia for Surgical Operations

Jefferson Ventilator: Circumstances surrounding the creation of the first positive‐negative pressure ventilator

“…This apneic period would even last up to 100 minutes . These findings were reported in 1954, and promptly after that a new ventilator was manufactured and released in 1955. This new ventilator was named “the Jefferson Ventilator” and was manufactured by the Air‐Shields Corporation, which was then owned by Samuel Y. Gibbon who was Dr. Gibbon’s brother (Figure ).…”

“…This design allowed for large volume changes even with a low pressure, with around 1% margin of error in volume measurement. The device could also be connected to a flow meter and a mixing chamber, allowing for regular tapping to sample the gas (Figure ).…”

“…Dr. Miller also claims that shortly after presenting the ventilator to Dr. Gibbon and his brother in 1950, he was cutoff from all further discussions regarding the development of the device. Dr. Miller eventually departed from Dr. Gibbon’s laboratory in 1954 under unamicable terms, and following his departure, the lab published an article describing the findings without any credit to Dr. Miller . In his memoir, Dr. Miller claims to have confronted Dr. Haupt later in life, who has admitted to not having any significant role in the development of the device.…”

ANAESTHESIA WITH CONTROLLED POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE PRESSURE RESPIRATION: Part I: A Clinical Evaluation

“…Premedication with ataractic drugs (such as chlorpromazine), reduction or complete elimination of opiates in premedication, use of light levels of anaesthesia, judicious use of muscle relaxants and the use of balanced anaesthetic techniques have all assisted in reducing these defects (Dobkin and others, 1954(Dobkin and others, , 1955(Dobkin and others, , 1956Little and Stephen, 1954). The major problem which exists at present is to determine whether the augmentation of breathing in the anaesthetized patient can be improved by using mechanical devices (Mautz, 1939;Maloney et al, 1952;Pask, 1955;Gibbon and Haupt, 1955); to recognize the physiological effects of such devices (Humphreys et al, 1938;Beecher et al, 1943;Bennett et al, 1944;Werko, 1947;Thompson and Rockey, 1947;Cournand et al, 1952;Bjurstedt et al, 1953;Price et al, 1954;Maloney and Hanford, 1954;M0rch and Benson, 1954;Saklad, 1954;Lucas and Milne, 1955); and to determine whether the patient can benefit further by the use of a period of subatmospheric pressure in the breathing cycle (Maloney et al, 1953;Hubay etal., 1954;Allbritten et al, 1954). This information is urgently required to improve the cardiovascular and respiratory management of patients undergoing intrathoracic operations.…”