The Changes in Circulating Levels of Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide During Exercise and Its Reproducibility for Detection of Myocardial Ischemia

Abstract

SUMMARYVasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) contributes to the regulation of coronary vasomotor tone and circulating levels of VIP have been reported to increase during acute myocardial infarction. However, the changes in VIP concentration during exercise-induced ischemia have not been studied yet. Therefore, we sought to determine whether circulating levels of VIP change during treadmill exercise testing and whether they could be used as a marker of exercise-induced myocardial ischemia. Twenty-nine subjects with definitive positive (group-I) and 20 subjects (group-II) with negative results on treadmill exercise testing were included in this study. In order to assess circulating levels of VIP, blood samples were collected in both groups before exercise, at 5 minutes of exercise, at peak exercise, and at 10 minutes in the recovery period. There were no differences between the two groups with respect to the baseline demographics of age, sex, heart rate, or blood pressure. The metabolic equivalents (METs) values, peak heart rate achieved, peak systolic-diastolic blood pressure, and exercise duration did not differ between the two groups. No significant differences were found in the circulating levels of VIP at any stage of the exercise between the two groups (10.5 ± 2.5 versus 11.0 ± 3.5 pmol/L, P = 0.5, 10.6 ± 2.3 versus 10.6 ± 3.3 pmol/L, P = 0.9, 10.9 ± 3.1 versus 11.5 ± 3.4 pmol/L, P = 0.5, and 10.7 ± 1.8 versus 11.7 ± 4.1 pmol/L, P = 0.3, respectively).There was no relationship between the circulating level of VIP and exercise-induced myocardial ischemia, and therefore it could not be used as a marker of exercise-induced myocardial ischemia. (Int Heart J 2005; 46: 363-371)

Amphetamine and environmentally induced hyperthermia differentially alter the expression of genes regulating vascular tone and angiogenesis in the meninges and associated vasculature

“…The genes selected for monitoring alterations in vascular tone in the MAV were the a1a adrenergic receptor (Adra1a), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (Nos3 or eNos), endothelin (Edn1), vasoactive intestinal peptide (Vip), dopamine receptor D1a (Drd1a), and calcitonin-related gene peptide receptor (Crcp). These genes have been previously identified as genes whose expression is altered by several types of vascular insults ischemia (Burnstock, 1985;Choi et al, 2006;Fagan et al, 2004;Franklin et al, 2005;Hamel, 2006;Hynynen and Khalil, 2006;Tuncel et al, 2000;Wei et al, 1993;Zhang et al, 1993) or moderate the effects of stress on vascular pathophysiology as in the case of the Vip gene (Turkmen et al, 2005). Genes selected as candidates for markers of vascular ''stress'' were Icam1, Vcam1, and Heat shock protein 72 (Hsp72 or Hsp70i).…”

Electrical Stimulation of Skeletal Muscles An Alternative to Aerobic Exercise Training in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure?

“…However, the number of studies concerning the effects of LFES in cardiovascular rehabilitation is still very low. The effectiveness of conventional exercise training in cardiovascular rehabilitation has been sufficiently proven, [49][50][51][52][53] and LFES is not likely to replace it. But the safety and ease of application could be especially beneficial in patients with advanced CHF (III-IV).…”