The Changes in Skin Temperatures of Periparturient Sows

Kotrbáček, V.; Nau, Heinz

doi:10.2754/avb198554010035

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The initial increase of the metabolic rate is usually accompanied by an increase of rectal temperature. This ontogenic change of rectal temperature in several species of birds has been described by BORCHELDT and RINGER (1973), KOTRBACEK (1972;1977); POCZOPKO (1967) and SIMKOVA (1960). The same phenomenon has been observed in several mammals (NEWLAND et al 1952;POCZOPKO 1961POCZOPKO , 1969a.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Food intake as a factor initiating postembryonic increase of the metabolic rate and body temperature in chickens

Poczopko

Uliasz-Poniewierska

Poniewierski

1991

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß der Futteraufnahme auf den postembryonalen Anstieg der Stoffwechselrate und der Körpertemperatur beim Küken Bei 64 männlichen Leghornküken während der ersten 7 Tage nach den Schlupf wurde der Ruheumsatz (RMR) und die Körpertemperatur (Tb) untersucht. Eine Gruppe der Hähnchen erhielt ein Starterfutter ad libitum, die andere Gruppe ausschließlich Wasser. Bei den gefütterten Tieren wurde eine systematische Erhöhung von RMR und Tb in diesen 7 Tagen gefunden. Bei den gehungerten Tieren blieb die RMR in den ersten 2 Tagen nach dem Schlupf unverändert, während sich die Tb signifikant erniedrigte. Daraus ergibt sich, daß bei gefütterten Hähnchen 1–2 Tage nach dem Schlupf die RMR und Tb signifikant höher liegt als bei gehungerten Tieren. Die Verdauung von Futter führt demnach beim Küken zu einem postembryonalen Anstieg der RMR und Tb.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Food intake as a factor initiating postembryonic increase of the metabolic rate and body temperature in chickens

Poczopko

Uliasz-Poniewierska

Poniewierski

1991

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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“…The observations that sleep and, in association with it, the intensity of energy metabolism are markedly affected by thermal stimuli also in newborn piglets have been published in our previous reports (Kotrbacek 1984;Kotrbacek et al 1986). That this applies not only to total sleeping time but also to the pattern of sleep was evidenced by different electroencephalographs obtained in piglets sleeping in a thermoneutral environment and in the same animals sleeping in the cold.…”

mentioning

confidence: 70%

Thermal Environment, Sleep and Energy Metabolism in Piglets

Kotrbáček¹,

Hönig²

1989

Acta Vet. Brno

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Kotrbacek V., Z. Honig: Thermal Environment, Sleep and Energy Metabolism in Piglets. Acta vet. Bmo, 58, 1989: 185-195. Effects of different thermal conditions on rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep and its influence on the level of energy metabolism in piglets are described.Heat production, respiratory quotient (RQ) and body temperature were measured in 1-to 9-d old piglets during the individual REM sleep episodes and compared with the respective values obtained in non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM) sleep. Two-hour measurements were carried out in· metabolic respiratory chambers under comfortable thermal conditions and upon exposure to cold.Thermal comfort was provided by heating the flocr to 37°C to 38 °C for 1-to 5-d old piglets and to 34°C to 36 °c for the older animals.The air temperature in the chamber ranged between 25°C and 26 0c.Exposure· to cold was produced by decreasing the floor temperature to 28 cc.Under cold exposure the total duration of REM sleep was reduced by 50 to 60 %. Both. the number of REM sleep episodes. and their duration were decreased. Heat production in REM sleep was invariably reduced. Under exposure to cold this decrease was highly significant (P < 0.01) owing to the disappearance of muscular tremor. However, concurrent decrease in body temperature, recorded in 1-to 3-d old piglets, was not significant.In the thermoneutral environment a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in heat production was observed during REM episodes occurring shortly after food intake. By depressing the postprandial thermogenesis, REM sleep contributes apparently to more effective utilization of the food energy.Lower RQ values observed in REM sleep are related to lower glucose oxidation under muscular atony. Sleep, thermal environment, oxygen consumption, RQ

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“…In this context it should be emphasized that the primary source of heat for the piglet is its mother and that contact with her is the primary thermal stimulus which also provides a feeling of safety important for the fragile REM sleep. According to our measurements, skin temperatures of the mammary gland in sows oscillated around 38°C (Kotrbacek and Nau 1984). The effect of the floor heated to this particular temperature was obviously so prominent because it imitated not only tho heat flow density but also the mode by which heat is provided to piglets under natural conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Changes in the Complexly Defined Thermal Environment on Body and Skin Temperature and Energy Metabolism in Piglets

Kotrbáček¹

1984

Acta Vet. Brno

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The body temperature (TB) of piglets aged 1 to 25 days did not change significantly with changes in the cooling effect of the metabolic chamber from 40 to 60, 90, 120 and 150 W . m -2 as determined by the sensor of an electric dynamic katathermometer (EDK). Only in piglets aged 1 to 5 days a downward trend of TB was observed. The skin temperature (Ts) of the piglets, however, decreased significantly under these conditions up to the age of 10 days even if they were warmed from the floor 34°C warm. Heating the floor to 36 or 38 °C led to rapid rise and stabilization of TB at a level reached in thermoneutral environment even with high cooling effect of the chamber (150 and 180 W . m -2). In piglets laying on the floor heated to 40°C the TB significantly increased above this level.Heat production (HP) of the piglets aged 1 to 5 days was lowest at the cooling effect of 60 and 90 W . m-2 • It rose significantly with the cooling effect increasing to 120 and 150 W. m-2 but also with its drop to 40 W. m-2 • Piglets aged 6 to 10 days had their lowest heat production at the cooling effect of 90 and 120 W . m -2. At the cooling effect lowered to 60 W . m -2 their heat production started to rise and at 150 W . m -2 it was significantly higher.The heat production of piglets aged 11 to 15 days rose significantly only at the cooling effect of 180 W . m -2; the heat production of older animals was no more affected by the cooling effect of the chamber.In piglets resting on the floor heated to 34°C a rapid fall occurred in heat production even at high cooling effect of the chamber during their first two weeks oflife. With rising floor temperature their heat production continued to fall so that on the floor heated to 38°C it fell significantly below the level usual in thermoneutral environment. Heating of the floor to 40°C did not result in further decrease of heat production.These results indicate that in a complex thermal environment also the thermoneutral conditions become a more complex parameter requiring an adequate mode of their determination.Thermal environment, body temperature, skin temperature, cooling, thermoneutrality, energy metabolism.Calorimetric measurements in the laboratory as pointed out by Mount (1978) are usually carried out in standard environment in which the mean radiant temperature and air temperature are equal, natural (free) convection exists, the experimental animal is laying on an insulated floor and it is dry. In such environment the air temperature itself may characterize the thermal conditions. However, the environment in which the animals, including farm animals, live, is. never quite standard.

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The Changes in Skin Temperatures of Periparturient Sows

Cited by 9 publications

References 3 publications

Food intake as a factor initiating postembryonic increase of the metabolic rate and body temperature in chickens

Food intake as a factor initiating postembryonic increase of the metabolic rate and body temperature in chickens

Thermal Environment, Sleep and Energy Metabolism in Piglets

The Effect of Changes in the Complexly Defined Thermal Environment on Body and Skin Temperature and Energy Metabolism in Piglets

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