The changes of the peripheral CD4+ lymphocytes and inflammatory cytokines in Patients with COVID-19

Abstract

To investigate the clinical value of changes in the subtypes of peripheral blood lymphocytes and levels of inflammatory cytokines in patients with COVID-19, the total numbers of lymphocytes and CD4+ lymphocytes and the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ lymphocytes were calculated and observed in different groups of patients with COVID-19. The results show that the lymphocytopenia in patients with COVID-19 was mainly manifested by decreases in the CD4+ T lymphocyte number and the CD4+/CD8+ ratio. The decreased number of CD4+ T lymphocytes and the elevated levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were correlated with the severity of COVID-19 disease.

Maturation of T and B Lymphocytes in the Assessment of the Immune Status in COVID-19 Patients

“…Sun H.B. et al [24] have shown that the lymphopenia in patients with COVID-19 was mainly manifested by decreases in the CD4+ T lymphocyte number and correlated with the severity of COVID-19 disease. Zhang W. et al [25] have highlighted that lymphocyte subsets are the indicators of severity of COVID-19 disease.…”

Immune Responses in an Infant with Congenital Heart Disease and Severe COVID-19 

“…Overall, our cellular and cytokine ndings support previous studies demonstrating depletion of lymphoid and innate cell populations in the early phase of severe COVID-19. [11][12][13] We report several novel ndings in this infant with severe COVID-19. First, the immune response was characterised by early and marked alterations in neutrophil and monocyte populations, expansion of CD4+ (but not CD8+) T cell populations coinciding with robust antibody responses, activation of innate-like immune cells (e.g.…”

Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in an immunocompetent patient recovered from COVID-19

“…It is well known that COVID-19 is associated with lymphopaenia, characterized by decrease in CD4þ absolute number and a decrease in CD4þ/CD8 ratio, which is similar to HIV-infected patients and correlates with disease severity [14]. Moreover, since when RECOVERY trial has shown that the use of corticosteroids resulted in lower mortality among those who were receiving oxygen for COVID-19 pneumonia, the use of corticosteroids has dramatically increased, often prescribed at a immunosuppressive dosage [15].…”