The Changing Age and Seasonal Profile of Pertussis in Canada

Skowronski, Danuta M.; Serres, Gaston De; MacDonald, Diane; Wu, Wrency; Shaw, Carol; Macnabb, Jane; Champagne, Sylvie; Patrick, David M.; Halperin, Scott A.

doi:10.1086/340280

Cited by 207 publications

(135 citation statements)

References 28 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

112

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Despite the availability of effective vaccines for several decades, pertussis continues to be a public health problem in many European countries ; circulating widely in countries with low vaccine coverage and reportedly re-emerging in other highly vaccinated populations [1][2][3][4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The seroepidemiology of Bordetella pertussis infection in Western Europe

Pebody¹,

GAY²,

et al. 2004

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARYHigh titres of pertussis toxin (PT) antibody have been shown to be predictive of recent infection with Bordetella pertussis. The seroprevalence of standardized anti-PT antibody was determined in six Western European countries between 1994 and 1998 and related to historical surveillance and vaccine programme data. Standardized anti-PT titres were calculated for a series of whole-cell and acellular pertussis vaccine trials. For the serological surveys, high-titre sera (>125 units/ml) were distributed throughout all age groups in both high-(>90 %) and low-coverage (<90 %) countries. High-titre sera were more likely in infants in countries using high-titre-producing vaccines in their primary programme (Italy, 11 . 5% ; Western Germany, 13 . 3 % ; France, 4 . 3% ; Eastern Germany, 4 . 0%) compared to other countries (The Netherlands, 0 . 5 %; Finland, 0 %). Recent infection was significantly more likely in adolescents (10-19 years old) and adults in high-coverage countries (Finland, The Netherlands, France, East Germany), whereas infection was more likely in children (3-9 years old) than adolescents in low-coverage (<90% ; Italy, West Germany, United Kingdom) countries. The impact and role of programmatic changes introduced after these surveys aimed at protecting infants from severe disease by accelerating the primary schedule or vaccinating older children and adolescents with booster doses can be evaluated with this approach.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The seroepidemiology of Bordetella pertussis infection in Western Europe

Pebody¹,

GAY²,

et al. 2004

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…1,11,12,13 In the United States from 1994-96 to 1997-2000, incidence rates in adolescents and adults increased by 62% and 60%, respectively. 14 In Canada from 1993-98, the proportion of pertussis cases in adults steadily increased 15 and in 2000 for the first time in two decades, 10-14-year-old children represented a larger proportion of cases (34%) and had a higher incidence of pertussis than infants or preschool age children (13%).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…16 Despite high vaccination rates in many countries, pertussis continues to circulate. 20 Reasons for this include: waning immunity following both natural infection and immunisation, 11,20,21,22 The increase in pertussis in adolescents and adults in NSW is of concern because they may serve as reservoirs of infection for partially immunised infants. 13,20,21,25 In studies from the United States, 26 France, 27 adolescents with a coughing illness of at least 1 week's duration have pertussis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

EPIREVIEW: Pertussis in New South Wales, 1993–2005: the impact of vaccination policy on pertussis epidemiology

Viney

McAnulty

Campbell‐Lloyd

2007

NSW Public Health Bull.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Pertussis, or whooping cough, is a highly contagious disease caused by the bacteria Bordetella pertussis. The disease is characterised by paroxysmal cough, inspiratory whoop and post-tussive vomiting. 1 Pertussis is transmitted via direct contact with discharges from the respiratory tract of infected individuals (probably via droplets), and the incubation period is 9-10 days on average. 2 A secondary attack rate of 90% has been recorded in non-immune household contacts. 2 Worldwide, the incidence of pertussis has been reported to be highest in children under 5 years, except where infant vaccination programs have achieved consistently high vaccination rates. 2 In NSW, there have been several changes to the immunisation schedule affecting pertussis vaccination in recent years. From 1985, a combined whole cell diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis vaccine (DTPw) was included in the immunisation schedule at ages 2, 4 and 6 months, with a booster at 18 months. 3 In 1994, a fifth dose was introduced Methods: Surveillance data from the NSW Notifiable Diseases Database was reviewed for the period. Results: 35695 cases of pertussis were notified; annual incidence rates varied from 18.4 to 84.2 per 100000 people. The highest rates of pertussis were consistently found in infants aged 0-6 months. Rates of disease in other age groups changed markedly over the study period, with high rates currently observed in adult age groups. Conclusions: New strategies may be needed to control pertussis in infants and in adults who now comprise the largest proportion of cases.

show abstract

“…The occurrence of B. pertussis infection among adolescents and adults reflects waning immunity in these populations, improvements in diagnostic methods, and better recognition of pertussislike syndromes by health care providers (HCPs). [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] Adults, who may not present with classical whooping cough symptoms and may go undiagnosed, play an important role in the transmission of infection to infants who are at highest risk of severe disease. [8][9][10][11][12][13] Currently, the Canadian National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI) recommends a dose of pertussis vaccine be given during adolescence and that all adults who have not had a dose of acellular pertussis should receive a single dose.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Universal tetanus, diphtheria, acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccination of adults: What Canadian health care providers know and need to know

MacDougall

Halperin

MacKinnon‐Cameron

et al. 2015

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis vaccine (Tdap) is recommended for all adults in both Canada and the United States. There are few data on the proportion of Canadian adults vaccinated with Tdap; however, anecdotal reports indicate that uptake is low. This study aimed to explore the knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors of Canadian health care providers (HCPs) in an attempt to identify potential barriers and facilitators to Tdap uptake. HCPs were surveyed and a geographic and practice representative sample was obtained (N D1,167). In addition, 8 focus groups and 4 interviews were conducted nationwide. Results from the survey indicate that less than half (47.5%) of all respondents reported being immunized with Tdap themselves, while 58.5% routinely offer Tdap to their adult patients. Knowledge scores were relatively low (63.2% correct answers). The best predictor of following the adult Tdap immunization guidelines was awareness of and agreement with those recommendations. Respondents who were aware of the recommendations were more likely to think that Tdap is safe and effective, that their patients are at significant risk of getting pertussis, and to feel that they have sufficient information (p < 0.0001 for each statement). Focus group data supported the survey results and indicated that there are substantial gaps in knowledge of pertussis and Tdap among Canadian HCPs. Lack of public knowledge about adult immunization, lack of immunization registries, a costing differential between Td and Tdap, workload required to deliver the vaccine, and vaccine hesitancy were identified as barriers to compliance with the national recommendations for universal adult immunization, and suggestions were provided to better translate recommendations to front-line practitioners.

show abstract

The Changing Age and Seasonal Profile of Pertussis in Canada

Cited by 207 publications

References 28 publications

The seroepidemiology of Bordetella pertussis infection in Western Europe

The seroepidemiology of Bordetella pertussis infection in Western Europe

EPIREVIEW: Pertussis in New South Wales, 1993–2005: the impact of vaccination policy on pertussis epidemiology

Universal tetanus, diphtheria, acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccination of adults: What Canadian health care providers know and need to know

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About