The Changing Face of Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma in the United States: Demographic and Geographic Changes From 2011 to 2050

Abstract

Purpose To examine how demographic and geographic variations in US populations from 2011 to 2050 will contribute to estimated numbers of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Design Cross-sectional study Methods Prevalence rates from selected population-based studies were used to estimate the number of persons aged 40 years and older with POAG in the US. For calculation, the age-, sex-, race/ethnicity-specific prevalence rates were multiplied by the US census estimates and projections from 2011–2050. Main outcome measures are estimated numbers of persons with POAG in different age, sex and racial/ethnic groups and total and per-capita POAG rates by state. Results In 2011, 2.71 million persons in the US have POAG, with the highest estimated number among populations aged 70–79 years (31%), women (53%), and non-Hispanic white (44%). The largest demographic group is non-Hispanic white women. In 2050, an estimated 7.32 million persons will have POAG; with the highest number among populations aged 70–79 years (32%), women (50%), and Hispanics (50%). The largest demographic group will shift to Hispanic men. During the next 40 years, the highest per capita POAG rates will double in New Mexico, Texas, and Florida. Conclusions Despite the high prevalence of POAG in African Americans and Hispanics, the largest group in the US is currently among older non-Hispanic white women but is expected to shift to Hispanic men over the next few decades. Given this shift, the greatest yield from screening programs is likely to be in those states with high numbers of non-Hispanic white women and Hispanic men.

Correlation Between Intraocular Pressure and Body Mass Index in the Seated and Supine Positions

“…1 Characteristic optic nerve atrophy occurs in glaucoma from damage to the retinal ganglion cells, which is believed to be related to mechanical compression from elevated IOP and indirect damage from vascular compromise. 2 Lowering IOP in patients with glaucoma reduces the risk of optic nerve damage and visual field loss.…”

Clinical Correlates of Computationally Derived Visual Field Defect Archetypes in Patients from a Glaucoma Clinic

“…[42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52] Numerous studies have documented the highest prevalences of glaucoma overall and by age decade among people of African ancestry, with the most pronounced prevalence gaps between those of African and European ancestry at younger ages. [53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62] Patients with POAG of African ancestry may also have a higher likelihood of rapid VF deterioration than those who are Caucasian. 63 Candidate pathophysiological theories for the earlier and more severe presentation of glaucoma in patients of African ancestry include: larger optic disc size (which mechanically increases posterior bowing of the lamina cribrosa at any given IOP), lower posterior scleral compliance (which reduces deformability of the optic nerve at its exit point at the lamina cribrosa), lower corneal hysteresis (which reflects reduced corneal energy-dampening capacity and may correlate with reduced overall distensibility of glaucomatous eyes), shorter trabecular meshwork height (which may anatomically contribute to reduced aqueous outflow particularly in conjunction with aging-related changes in the trabecular meshwork and anterior chamber angle), and lower retinal blood flow (which increases susceptibility to ischemia-related etiologies of retinal ganglion cell loss).…”

Selenium and Selenoprotein P1 Levels Are Related to Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma / Nivoi Selena I Selenoproteina P1 Povezani Su Sa Primarnim Glaukomom Otvorenog Ugla

“…Based on the trabecular meshwork (TM) obstruction, glaucoma can clinically be observed in two forms, OpenAngle Glaucoma (POAG) and Primary Closed-angle glaucoma (PACG). Primary Open-Angle Glau coma (POAG) is a type that frequently occurs in the United States; however, a shift is considered in the demographic and geographic characteristics of the patients (2). The high prevalence of glaucoma is also reported in Asian countries (3).…”