The changing landscape of conservation science funding in the United States

Bakker, Victoria J.; Baum, Julia K.; Brodie, Jedediah F.; Salomon, Anne K.; Dickson, Brett G.; Gibbs, Holly K.; Jensen, Olaf P.; McIntyre, Peter B.

doi:10.1111/j.1755-263x.2010.00125.x

Cited by 46 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…), bridge funding gaps between project cycles, support specific tasks as part of larger initiatives, cover shortfalls left by the erosion of traditional funding sources, lower access barriers given increased competition for traditional funding sources (Bakker et al. ; Kaplan ; Marshall ), and fund initiatives that would not likely be funded otherwise (Dahlhausen et al. ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crowdfunding biodiversity conservation

Gallo-Cajiao

Archibald

Friedman

et al. 2018

Conservation Biology

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Raising funds is critical for conserving biodiversity and hence so is scrutinizing emerging financial mechanisms that may help achieve this goal. Anecdotal evidence indicates crowdfunding is being used to support activities needed for biodiversity conservation, yet its magnitude and allocation remain largely unknown. To help address this knowledge gap, we conducted a global analysis based on conservation-focused projects extracted from crowdfunding platforms. For each project, we determined the funds raised, date, country of implementation, proponent characteristics, activity type, biodiversity realm, and target taxa. We identified 72 relevant platforms and 577 conservation-focused projects that raised $4,790,634 since 2009. Although proponents were based in 38 countries, projects were delivered across 80 countries, indicating a potential mechanism of resource mobilization. Proponents were affiliated with nongovernmental organizations (35%) or universities (30%) or were freelancers (26%). Most projects were for research (40%), persuasion (31%), and on-the-ground actions (21%). Projects were more focused on species (57.7%) and terrestrial ecosystems (20.3%), and less focused on marine (8.8%) and freshwater ecosystems (3.6%). Projects focused on 208 species, including a disproportionate number of threatened birds and mammals. Crowdfunding for biodiversity conservation is a global phenomenon and there is potential for expansion, despite possible pitfalls (e.g., uncertainty about effectiveness). Opportunities to advance conservation through crowdfunding arise from its capacity to mobilize funds spatially and increase steadily over time, inclusion of overlooked species, adoption by multiple actors, and funding of activities beyond research. Our findings pave the way for further research on key questions, such as campaign success rates, effectiveness of conservation actions, and drivers of crowdfunding adoption. Even though crowdfunding capital raised has been modest relative to other conservation-finance mechanisms, its contribution goes beyond funding research and providing capital. Embraced with due care, crowdfunding could become an important financial mechanism for biodiversity conservation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crowdfunding biodiversity conservation

Gallo-Cajiao

Archibald

Friedman

et al. 2018

Conservation Biology

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“…In contrast to the global rising trend on conservation-oriented studies (Bakker et al, 2010;Di Marco et al, 2017), articles on bat conservation in China are scarce. Indeed, only ten articles in the past 18 years have clear conservation-driven goals.…”

Section: Conservation-driven Studies Gapmentioning

confidence: 98%

Research trends on bats in China: A twenty-first century review

et al. 2019

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a b s t r a c tIn this century, China has sustained unparalleled economic development, leading to exponentially growing investments in scientific research. Yet, the demand for research-funding is large and tracing the current knowledge is a key step to define priority research topics. In this same span, studies on bats in China have uncovered an overlooked diversity and revealed novelties in bats' evolutionary history and life-history aspects. All this 21st-century knowledge, however, is scattered and a large part is concealed from most of the international scientific community in Mandarin-language articles. Here, we summarize the post-millennium (2000-2017) research on bats in China and point out trends and future directions based on neglected topics, groups, and regions. In addition, we provide an up-to-date list of bat species in China. We retrieved 594 publications related to bats in China, nearly half were written in Mandarin. At least 147 bat species are present in China, which places it among the most bat-rich countries in the world. There was a significant positive trend on the number of publications, from 12.5 annual average in 2000-2005 to 46.5 in recent years, reflecting the Chinese economic-scientific development in this century. We found marked taxonomic and spatial biases. Half of the studies in this century focused on Rhinolophus, Myotis, and Hipposideros, and the southern and eastern provinces were the most studied. Systematic/taxonomy and Ecology were the predominant topics post-millennium, whereas only 10 articles have clear conservation-driven goals. Our review shows that the majority of studies were focused on the least concern, cave-dweller species, and on bat-rich provinces. Future projects should address the effects of human-modified landscapes on bat community to define proper conservation actions. We discuss some priority actions and projects that will help to enhance bat protection in China.

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“…Many governmental agencies and nongovernmental organizations are beginning to embrace a more nuanced view of sustainability that sits at the nexus between social and ecological perspectives (Bakker et al., ; Díaz et al., ). As a result, strategies aiming to improve conservation and social outcomes increasingly incorporate both elements in design and implementation (Mace, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Operationalizing vulnerability for social–ecological integration in conservation and natural resource management

Thiault

Gelcich

Marshall

et al. 2019

CONSERVATION LETTERS

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Sustaining human well‐being is intimately linked to maintaining productive and healthy ecosystems. Avoiding trade‐offs and fostering co‐benefits is however challenging. Here, we present an operational approach that integrates biodiversity conservation, human development, and natural resource management by (1) examining resource and resource user interactions through the lens of social–ecological vulnerability (i.e., encompassing exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity); (2) identifying “ecocentric” and “sociocentric” interventions that directly address the ecological or social sources of vulnerability; (3) prioritizing those expected to yield co‐benefits and minimize trade‐offs; and (4) selecting interventions that are best suited to the broader local context. Application of this approach to a coral reef fishery in French Polynesia recommended a portfolio of development‐, livelihood‐, and ecosystem‐based interventions, thus suggesting a shift from the current resource‐focused approach toward a more social–ecological perspective. Our vulnerability‐based approach provides practitioners with a valuable tool for broadening their set of management options, leading to escape from panacea traps.

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The changing landscape of conservation science funding in the United States

Cited by 46 publications

References 21 publications

Crowdfunding biodiversity conservation

Crowdfunding biodiversity conservation

Research trends on bats in China: A twenty-first century review

Operationalizing vulnerability for social–ecological integration in conservation and natural resource management

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