The changing landscape of treatment options in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia

The effect of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase polymorphisms on the methotrexate toxicity in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia

“…There are conflicting results regarding the roles of the MTHFR gene polymorphisms in leukemia prognosis (5)(6)(7). Some studies have indicated that these variants play protective roles, whereas others have shown that they are linked to increased rates of relapse and drug resistance (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6). In accord with these data, we observed no significant differences in EFS between patients with or without polymorphic variants of MTHFR and other enzymes, and this finding supports the effect of HD-MTX in our study.…”

“…Childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is cured in approximately 80% of patients (1)(2)(3). ALL regimens consist of combination chemotherapy administered continuously over 2 to 3 years (1,2).…”

“…ALL regimens consist of combination chemotherapy administered continuously over 2 to 3 years (1,2). Although there are new drugs and treatment modalities, the treatment of ALL is still multidrug chemotherapy furthermore outcome of ALL may be influenced by modest changes in drug dose or exposure (2,3). Thus, if the determinants of interpatient variability in drug pharmacodynamics were better defined, tailoring drug therapy based on these factors might further improve outcome.…”

“…Thus, if the determinants of interpatient variability in drug pharmacodynamics were better defined, tailoring drug therapy based on these factors might further improve outcome. Methotrexate (MTX) is an antifolate chemotherapeutic agent that has been widely used in the treatment of childhood ALL (1)(2)(3)(4)(5). High-dose MTX infusion (1 g/ m2) is usually given in the consolidation treatment and maintenance chemotherapy in most regimens including weekly oral MTX doses.…”

The diverse marketed formulations of advanced nano drug carrier vehicles (and CVS) in different biomedical treatments: a complete descriptive review

“…The core can be loaded with a variety of drugs, including small molecules, peptides, proteins, and nucleic acids. 60 The basic structure of aquasome in to nano drug delivery shown in the given Figure 5 as below description The phase of a clinical trial indicates how far along the drug development process is. Phase I clinical trials are the first trials in humans and are designed to assess the safety of a new drug.…”