The changing nature of jobs in Central and Eastern Europe

Lewandowski, Piotr

doi:10.15185/izawol.351

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The result that shutting down production activities, such as construction sites and factories, may be less effective in reducing mortality than closing down services is in line with the findings on occupational exposure to COVID-19 of Lewandowski et al (2020) and Muellbauer and Aron (2020). In particular, the latter uses excess mortality data for England to find that most of COVID-19 deaths in the working-age population were concentrated among people employed in the consumerfacing service sector.…”

Section: Extensionssupporting

confidence: 79%

Business Shutdowns and COVID-19 Mortality

Ciminelli

Garcia-Mandicó

2020

Preprint

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Governments around the world have adopted unprecedented policies to deal with COVID-19. This paper zooms in on business shutdowns and investigates their effectiveness in reducing mortality. We leverage upon highly granular death registry data for over 4,000 Italian municipalities in a diff-in-diff approach that allows us to credibly mitigate endogeneity concerns. Our results, which are robust to controlling for a host of co-factors, offer strong evidence that business shutdowns are very effective in reducing mortality. We calculate that the death toll from the first wave of COVID-19 in Italy would have been twice as high in their absence. Our findings also highlight that timeliness is key: by acting one week earlier, the government could have reduced the death toll by an additional 25%. Finally, our estimates suggest that shutdowns should be targeted: closing shops, bars and restaurants saves the most lives, while shutting down manufacturing and construction activities has only mild effects.

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Section: Extensionssupporting

confidence: 79%

Business Shutdowns and COVID-19 Mortality

Ciminelli

Garcia-Mandicó

2020

Preprint

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“…Handel (2012, p. 64) compares the O*NET classification of skills to those in countries that have their own skill surveys and concludes that “various tests demonstrated substantial consistency in occupational skill scores across countries and substantial agreement across different skill databases” with very high correlations across the different skill classifications. Lewandowski (2017, p. 3) also comes to the conclusion that “O*NET data can be credibly applied to other OECD and European countries.” Importing skill data from another country induces measurement error to an unknown extent because, for technological reasons, Brazilian workers may not always use the same amount of skills as their U.S. counterparts. By far and large, analyzing job routines in different country will not change the fact that a truck driver requires more manual and less interpersonal skills than a bank accountant which in turn requires less proficient interpersonal skills than his director.…”

Section: Estimating the Agglomeration Economies Of Skillsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial skill concentration agglomeration economies

Ehrl

Monastério²

2020

Journal of Regional Science

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Using the Brazilian census and administrative panel data, the present paper provides evidence that the spatial concentration of analytical skills generates positive wage externalities for all workers in the local labor market. We rely on shift‐share instrumental variables to overcome the endogeneity of skill concentrations. The observed externality is independent from the classical market size economies. The estimates are robust to geography, institutions and workers' sorting on unobservable abilities.

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“…The same logic could be applied to many developing countries. For example, Lewandowski (2017) and Nchor and Rozmahel (2020) have found only tentative evidence for the polarisation hypotheses in CEE countries in the 2000s and 2010s. They stipulate that this is because in CEE countries it is often cheaper for companies to supplement labour with new technologies, in turn increasing productivity, rather than outright replacing mid-skilled labour.…”

Section: Job Polarisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Socialism to Capitalism: Low-Skill-Biased Change in the Baltics during the Transition and Beyond

Christenko

Martinaitis

Krūminas

2023

TalTech Journal of European Studies

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How did technological upgrading in the Baltics during the transition from planned to market economy affect labour? Existing academic literature would imply a skill-biased or polarising effect. However, we find that the opposite is likely true—technological upgrading predominantly benefited lower skilled workers. This is explained by an abundance of lower skilled labour, which fostered the usage of less advanced technologies that such workers could utilise. This article contributes to the discussion on the relationship between technology and labour by highlighting that technological upgrading may lead to low-skill-biased change.

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The changing nature of jobs in Central and Eastern Europe

Cited by 8 publications

References 9 publications

Business Shutdowns and COVID-19 Mortality

Business Shutdowns and COVID-19 Mortality

Spatial skill concentration agglomeration economies

From Socialism to Capitalism: Low-Skill-Biased Change in the Baltics during the Transition and Beyond

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