The changing nature of work and skills in the digital age

Pabollet, E. Arregui; Bacigalupo, Martha M.; Federico, Bruno; Giraldez, M. Cabrera; Caena, F.; Muñoz, Jesus; Mediavilla, Cindy; Edwards, Jean; Fernández‐Macías, Enrique; Gutiérrez, Eugenio; Herrera, Estrella Gomez; A., None Inamorato dos Santos,; Kampylis, Panagiotis; Klenert, David; López-Cobo, Montserrat; Marschinski, R.; Pesole, Annarosa; Yves, Punie; Tolan, Songül; Pérez, Sergio Torrejón; Brancati, Cesira Urzì; Vuorikari, Riina

doi:10.2760/373892

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…29 Peer-led implementation in other populations, such as medical students, showed that explaining concepts to peers improves the communication skills of peer educators, 32 is an important skill for working in groups and is one of the emphasized skills for jobs in the digital age. 33 Adolescence is a good time to learn certain skills, for example, communication because it is known that nonverbal and verbal communication techniques will be important for adolescents' futures in job interviews. 34 Additionally, better communication skills and free time management are also associated with greater motivation in students.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adolescents encouraging healthy lifestyles through a peer‐led social marketing intervention: Training and key competencies learned by peer leaders

Llauradó

Aceves‐Martins

Prades

et al. 2021

Health Expectations

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Background Adolescents who participate as peer leaders can benefit and acquire competencies from their peer leadership experience. Objectives To identify the competencies gained by adolescents who participated as peer leaders in a healthy lifestyle study and to determine whether the training characteristics were related to improvement in competencies. Design The present study was part of the European Youth Tackling Obesity (EYTO) project, a multicentre social marketing intervention involving four European countries. Setting and Participants Eighteen peer leaders (aged 13–15 years, three or five leaders per country) from disadvantaged neighbourhoods received training in designing and implementing activities for their peers. Measures The peer leaders' confidence, experience and interest in 11 tasks related to lifelong learning competencies were assessed with questions rated on a colour scale at baseline and at the end of the study. Results The peer leaders demonstrated improvements in experience, confidence and interest in different tasks, such as research, website or logo design, oral presentations, social media use and collaboration with people from other countries. They increased their confidence in management tasks (p = 0.03) and their confidence and experience in communication tasks (p = 0.01). The peer leaders from Spain and Portugal had greater improvements than those from the other countries. Conclusion The peer leaders improved their confidence in management tasks and their confidence and experience in communication tasks. Slight differences were detected in improvement in competencies by country, likely due to the differences in the peer training applied. Recommendations for peer leader training are proposed, although these results should be verified with larger sample size. Patient or Public Contribution The peer leaders contributed to the design and implementation of the training and intervention.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adolescents encouraging healthy lifestyles through a peer‐led social marketing intervention: Training and key competencies learned by peer leaders

Llauradó

Aceves‐Martins

Prades

et al. 2021

Health Expectations

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…By interdisciplinarity, we mean combination of disciplines from STEM and natural sciences with disciplines from humanities and/or social sciences. This is because we believe expertise from humanities and social sciences are vital for being able to take human dimensions into consideration in AI development [5,12,79,88,95,124,127]. While important, we do not notice the combination of only technical disciplines as an interdisciplinary action in our analysis.…”

Section: Empirical Analysismentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The nascent field of AI auditing is a practical example of the importance for a holistic view towards AI development. Approaches in the field emphasize a need for interdisciplinary and actionable means for assessing and mitigating unwanted impacts of AI technologies, such as biased results 5 and loss of privacy. Current approaches consider algorithms [63] or the development processes [127] of AI technology as the main objects for auditing.…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, our selection process was also guided by the availability of strategies. We acknowledge that the sample countries could be geographically and culturally larger, but as our aim is not specifically to analyze cultural differences 5 Bias in this context refers to the phenomena of individual, institutional or social prejudice being transferred to the decision-making processes of AI technology. Such bias may be a result of biased training data of machine learning algorithms, uncritically using decision patterns of people (which inherently involve prejudice) to form decision patterns for algorithms, and/or for under-representation of some group(s) of people in the design and development process of the technology [27,64,102].…”

Section: Sample Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We classify the entities as sociotechnical, usability and user experience aspects of AI development [59,77,91,106]. The sociotechnical aspects can be further parsed to consider the description of the pursued society (desirable society) [58,60,81,91,120], engaging the larger public's anticipations and desires in the designing processes of AI [58,81,91,120], adaptation of people's livelihood [5,12], human rights (HR 29 ) impact assessment [4], environmental impact assessment [43,81,120], and adaptation of educational systems [79,91,108,124,127]. In addition, as usability is a wide research area, we identify that usability should be understood as universal design [125] in high-level AI strategies.…”

Section: Empirical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reflections on the human role in AI policy formulations: how do national AI strategies view people?

Salo-Pöntinen

Saariluoma

2022

Discov Artif Intell

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Purpose There is no artificial intelligence (AI) without people. People design and develop AI; they modify and use it and they have to reorganize the ways they have carried out tasks in their work and everyday life. National strategies are documents made to describe how different nations foster AI and as human dimensions are such an important aspect of AI, this study sought to investigate major national strategy documents to determine how they view the human role in emerging AI societies. Approach Our method for analyzing the strategies was conceptual analysis since the development of technology is embedded with conceptual ideas of humanity, explicit or implicit, and in addition to deepening analysis of explicit argumentation the method enables the deconstruction and reconstruction of meanings and conceptual relations within the strategies, exposing presumptions and tacit commitments of the writers. Findings The analysis of the documents illustrates that the general tendency in national strategies is globally dominantly technology-driven as the state of affairs appears to be creating new technologies. However, various human research points such as usability, user experience, sociotechnical and life-based themes are less well represented. Because national strategies are used to develop innovation processes, we argue that future development of national strategies could be improved by taking human research issues more energetically in the agenda. Originality Our study elaborates the current trends in AI-policy discourses and discusses reasons and possibilities for more holistic policymaking, making it a valuable resource for policymakers, researchers, and the larger public.

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Back to the Future of Work: Old Questions for New Technologies

Meacham

2022

Innovations for Community Services

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The changing nature of work and skills in the digital age

Cited by 11 publications

References 53 publications

Adolescents encouraging healthy lifestyles through a peer‐led social marketing intervention: Training and key competencies learned by peer leaders

Adolescents encouraging healthy lifestyles through a peer‐led social marketing intervention: Training and key competencies learned by peer leaders

Reflections on the human role in AI policy formulations: how do national AI strategies view people?

Back to the Future of Work: Old Questions for New Technologies

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