“…We present the isotherms, streamlines and isobars in Figure 11 with increasing Ra = 1, 10 4 and 10 5 . We can see that, for cases Ra = 1,10 4 , the isotherms, streamlines and isobars computed by our method simulate the temperature field, fluid field, and pressure field very well, which also conforms with the numerical results presented by Su et al (2014) and Wu et al (2015). Notes: (a) The decoupled characteristic stabilized FEM with P 1 -P 1 -P 1 triples; (b) the decoupled characteristic stabilized FEM with P 1 -P 0 -P 1 triples; (c) the standard characteristic FEM with P 1 b-P 1 -P 1 triples; (d) P 1 -P 1 -P 1 triples without addition of a stabilization term Stabilized finite element method Furthermore, our method still exhibited good stability behavior even with higher Rayleigh number Ra = 10 5 .…”