The characteristics of dental occlusion in patients with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea in Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Objectives:To evaluate characteristics of dental occlusion among non-obese Saudi adult patients suffering from moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea(OSA).Methods:Following ethical approval, a cross-sectional study was conducted at Sleep Disorders Center, King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, between January and March 2017. Non-obese adult Saudi patients with moderate/severe OSA (apnea-hypopnea index>15) and without history of malocclusion or edentulism were included with an estimated sample size of 50. Demographic details and severity of OSA as diagnosed by polysomnography were recorded. Characteristics of dental occlusion, namely molar, canine and incisor relationship, overjet, overbite, crossbite and arch form were obtained through calibrated examiners (kappa 0.81). Descriptive statistical analysis and Chi-square test, with 95% significance level (p<0.05), were used to identify relationships between the severity of OSA and characteristics of dental occlusion.Results:A total of 51 patients (31 males, 20 females; mean age 49.45±10.35 years), were enrolled in the study. Severity of OSA was moderate in 17 patients and severe in 34 patients. Severe form of OSA was more among males (64.7%) and in patients with Class-II division-1 incisor relationship (94.1%). Neither the demographic characteristics, nor characteristics of dental occlusion showed statistically significant relationship with the severity of OSA.Conclusion:The results of the present cross-sectional study indicate that the characteristics of dental occlusion are not related to the severity of OSA among non-obese adult Saudi patients.

Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome and anatomical factors: possible correlations

“…Among these were molar and canine dental class, and both maxillary and mandibular intercanine and intermolar distances. Although the majority of OSAS patients examined in the study by Alqahtani et al (2018) 35 had molar (43.1%) and canine (49.0%) Angle Class II, there were no statistically significant correlations between occlusion and OSAS severity. Nevertheless, it is interesting that 94.1% of their Class II cases had a division I incisal relationship, especially in light of Banabilh’s contrasting findings of a statistically significant correlation between Angle Class II and OSAS 36 , 37 .…”

Sleep-Disordered Breathing – A Dental Perspective

“…PSG can assess sleep time, stages of sleep, respiratory effort and airflow, heart rhythm, pulse oximetry for blood oxygen saturation, and abdominal, using multichannel recordings when performed under standardized settings. [ 9 ]…”

“…Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) during sleep has been the gold standard of therapy. [ 9 ] For moderate-to-severe cases, CPAP is the best therapy choice.…”

The influence of obstructive sleep apnea on self-perceived dental aesthetics and need for orthodontic treatment among the general population in Makkah, Saudi Arabia

“…[ 11 ] Alqahtani et al . [ 12 ] observed that among non-obese adult Saudi patients, nearly 94.1% of patients with severe OSA had a class II division 1 incisor relationship. A recent study in a Saudi university population reported that participants who had snoring were less confident about their smile esthetics and sought orthodontic treatment more than the non-snoring participants.…”