The Characteristics of Indonesian Digital Diplomacy

Abstract

Digital diplomacy has gained momentum in recent years, especially when the COVID-19 pandemic occurred in 2020. The popularity of digital diplomacy lied in its characteristics where it offered more access to information, dialogic communication as well as transparency in diplomacy as had been implemented by many developed countries. However, recent studies have not focused yet on digital diplomacy implementation by non-developed countries. The research aimed to address the gap, by offering an analysis of the characteristics of and how Indonesia has implemented digital diplomacy. As every country had developed their respective path towards digitalisation and every Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MoFA) has its own evolution of digital diplomacy, each of which has its own characteristics in implementing digital diplomacy. The research focused on the characteristics of a country which has implemented digital diplomacy. Thus, the research tried to examine the characteristics of Indonesia’s digital diplomacy. The research argued that Indonesia’s digital diplomacy initiatives are based on a limited understanding of digital diplomacy, are sporadically pursued, and are based on an ad hoc basis. The domestic public’s interest in international issues further encourages the implementation of digital instruments. The research covered three main issues, namely the COVID-19 pandemic, the issue of palm oil, and the Rohingya crisis to establish the characteristics of Indonesian digital diplomacy. The qualitative research used primary sources in the form of interviews with Indonesian diplomats and key researchers. Furthermore, secondary sources related to Indonesia’s digital diplomacy are also used to support the research.

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“…The digital diplomacy carried out by President Jokowi through President Jokowi's official Twitter account shows that President Jokowi utilizes social media to convey messages of peace through research on the characteristics of Indonesia's digital diplomacy (Triwibowo, 2023a). This finding also corroborates the results of research on President Jokowi conducting digital diplomacy activities and making social media function as one of the foreign policy tools (Tahir & Putra, 2023).…”

“…Using digital diplomacy to share information about what Indonesia has done to solve global or regional problems has raised the profile of Indonesian diplomacy. In essence, digital diplomacy has the benefit of expanding the reach of audiences (Triwibowo, 2023a). (Triwibowo, 2023a) Actors involved in the diplomacy process are not limited to state actors, but also to non-state actors (Samad & Indrajit, 2022) such as individuals, multinational corporations (MNCs), Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), International Organizations, minority groups, and so on.…”

“…In essence, digital diplomacy has the benefit of expanding the reach of audiences (Triwibowo, 2023a). (Triwibowo, 2023a) Actors involved in the diplomacy process are not limited to state actors, but also to non-state actors (Samad & Indrajit, 2022) such as individuals, multinational corporations (MNCs), Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), International Organizations, minority groups, and so on. One example of a non-state actor that conducts digital diplomacy is the United Liberation Movement for West Papua (Sagala & Baskoro, 2023;Samad & Permatasari, 2022).…”

“…Indonesia's digital diplomacy was used to address the Rohingya crisis in Myanmar. The Indonesian government conveyed 7 points of its attitude towards the crisis, including expecting the Government of Myanmar to take steps to restore security and provide humanitarian assistance (Triwibowo, 2023a). Indonesia also conducted digital diplomacy in response to Russia's invasion of Ukraine.…”