The Characteristics of Intravenous Adenosine-Induced Antinociception in a Rabbit Model of Acute Nociceptive Pain: A Comparative Study with Remifentanil

Abstract

Remifentanil had a rapid onset and short duration of action, and probably showed signs of tolerance development, whereas the antinocieptive effect of adenosine was slow in onset and long-lasting, despite its ultrashort plasma half-life and the immediate on-off profiles of its vasodilating effect.

Elevated uric acid correlates with wound severity

“…The only inconsistency detected was that the extraction yields obtained for adenosine were surprisingly lower than expected (Table 2). This may reflect the greater instability of adenosine in WF relative to other purines (30,31). One possible explanation for this anomaly is that adenosine is converted to catabolites further down the purine degradation pathway.…”

Non-Traditional Administration of Remifentanil in an Experimental Setting

“…Remifentanil (remifentanil hydrochloride) is an opioid with a rapid onset of action (about 1 min) and quickly achieves a steady state. It has a context-sensitive half-life of 2±3 min, which is independent of the infusion duration (Hayashida et al 2006). Remifentanil is not a substrate for plasma cholinesterase, and therefore its metabolism is not subject to genetic variance.…”

Effects of intravenous adenosine 5′-triphosphate on intraoperative hemodynamics and postoperative pain in patients undergoing major orofacial surgery: a double-blind placebo-controlled study

“…When administered intravenously, ATP is converted to adenosine within seconds in the circulating blood [10,11] and thus may reach effectors as adenosine. Therefore, it is likely that the prolonged and profound perioperative analgesia produced by intravenous ATP in patients undergoing major orofacial surgery resulted from the extended antinociceptive effect of adenosine that can by far outlast the infusion period [21].…”

“…Fourth, although adenosine and ATP are known to act as anti-infl ammatory and proinfl ammatory substances, respectively [25], our present data suggest an anti-infl ammatory rather than proinfl ammatory property of intravenous ATP, as described below. Last, although nucleosides such as adenosine and uridine can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) by means of nucleoside transporter systems located in the BBB and then can be converted to nucleotides such as ATP and uridine 5′-triphosphate (UTP) in the cerebral tissues, nucleotides per se cannot be transported across the BBB [21,[27][28][29]. It is thus likely that intravenous ATP acted as adenosine on effectors in the central nervous system, mainly because ATP, unlike adenosine, cannot cross the BBB.…”