The Characteristics of Urban Heat Island in Bangkok, Thailand

Arifwidodo, Sigit D.; Tanaka, Takahiro

doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.06.484

Cited by 58 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The observed increase in T min can be attributed to an increased intensity of the UHI during the hours after sunset and into the night. Many studies have previously shown that UHII is maximised during the night (Arifwidodo and Tanaka, ; Montávez et al , ; Ripley et al , ). The intensity is maximised during these hours, as heat absorbed by urban structures will be re‐radiated back into the atmosphere at a slower rate, due to smaller sky views, than natural structures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

How much has urbanisation affected United Kingdom temperatures?

Goddard

Tett

2019

Atmospheric Science Letters

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This study aims to estimate the affect of urbanisation on daily maximum and minimum temperatures in the United Kingdom. Urban fractions were calculated for 10 km × 10 km areas surrounding meteorological weather stations. Using robust regression a linear relationship between urban fraction and temperature difference between station measurements and ERA-Interim reanalysis temperatures was estimated. For an urban fraction of 1.0, the daily minimum 2-m temperature was estimated to increase by 1.90 ± 0.88 K while the daily maximum temperature was not significantly affected by urbanisation. This result was then applied to the whole United Kingdom with a maximum T min urban heat island intensity (UHII) of about 1.7K in London and with many UK cities having T min UHIIs above one degree. This paper finds through the method of observation minus reanalysis that urbanisation has significantly increased the daily minimum 2-m temperature in the United Kingdom by up to 1.70 K. K E Y W O R D SSurface temperature, United Kingdom, urban bias, urbanisationThe urban heat island intensity (UHII), which describes increased temperatures in urban areas, has long been known and attempts have been made to quantify it for many years (Mitchell, 1961;Oke, 1982). The urban heat island (UHI) develops through changes to the surface energy balance due to anthropogenic modifications to the land surface. The importance of understanding how these changes will affect the global climate and the potential bias to land temperature records arising from urbanisation has piqued interest in this area of research. Further, due to the consequences of increasing temperatures in urban areas, such as increasing air pollution and mortality rates (Johnson et al., 2005;Stedman, 2004), many studies have attempted to quantify how temperatures in highly urbanised areas will be affected by increasing urbanisation.Previous studies have generally concluded that urban warming has had a negligible effect on global scale temperature series (Peterson et al., 1999;Parker, 2004). For example, Jones et al. (1990) showed that the urban warming effect corresponds to no more than 0.1 K over the last century. However on regional scales, the affect of urbanisation on temperature may be significant. Specifically in China, where there has been large expansion of urban areas, a significant effect has been estimated. Yan et al. (2010) concluded a large impact of urbanisation up to 0.54 K/decade on local temperature series in Beijing. Whilst Zhou et al. (2004) showed a smaller urban effect of about 0.05 K/decade in south east China.This effect is not exclusive to Asia, several studies have found similar effects in Europe and parts of the United Kingdom (Emmanuel and Krüger, 2012;Grawe et al., 2013;Trusilova et al., 2008;Chrysanthou et al., 2014). To quantify the UHII, Trusilova et al. 2008 andGrawe et al. (2013) both used atmospheric models to estimate the effect of Ian L. M. Goddard and Simon F. B. Tett contributed equally to this study.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

How much has urbanisation affected United Kingdom temperatures?

Goddard

Tett

2019

Atmospheric Science Letters

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“…Additionally, the study done by Sheikh [31] shows that the average mean temperature in Bangkok was increased by 0.6 • C between 1985 and 2014. Arifwidodo and Tanaka [32] studied the effect of the Urban Heat Island (UHI) in Bangkok, showing that there is a mean maximum of 5 • C UHI intensity (UHII) between semi urban and urban areas, and a mean maximum UHII of 2 • C between dry and in rainy seasons. In addition, there is a maximum night time UHII of 7 • C during January in Bangkok [29,32].…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Planning Nature-Based Solutions for Urban Flood Reduction and Thermal Comfort Enhancement

et al. 2019

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As a consequence of climate change and urbanization, many cities will have to deal with more flooding and extreme heat stress. This paper presents a framework to maximize the effectiveness of Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) for flood risk reduction and thermal comfort enhancement. The framework involves an assessment of hazards with the use of models and field measurements. It also detects suitable implementation sites for NBS and quantifies their effectiveness for thermal comfort enhancement and flood risk reduction. The framework was applied in a densely urbanized study area, for which different small-scale urban NBS and their potential locations for implementation were assessed. The overall results show that the most effective performance in terms of flood mitigation and thermal comfort enhancement is likely achieved by applying a range of different measures at different locations. Therefore, the work presented here shows the potential of the framework to achieve an effective combination of measures and their locations, which was demonstrated on the case of the Sukhumvit area in Bangkok (Thailand). This can be particularly suitable for assessing and planning flood mitigation measures in combination with heat stress reduction.

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“…Furthermore, shopping malls are part of a vicious environmental cycle. They contribute to Bangkok's urban heat island, which can be as high as 6–7 °C during the dry season (Arifwidodo, ), causing a city already oppressively hot to become even hotter and thereby driving more people to frequent malls.…”

Section: Bangkok's Incessantly Expanding Electricity Consumptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circuits of power: Environmental injustice from Bangkok's shopping malls to Laos’ hydropower dams

Marks

Jun

2019

Asia Pacific Viewpoint

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In what ways are lifestyles in urbanising Thailand, increasingly oriented towards shopping malls related to the threat to the wildlife and struggles for subsistence in distant Lao hinterlands? Our article answers this question by looking at the workings of electricity as the key infrastructure that connects these seemingly unrelated events and practices. We argue that the circulation of electricity flows along uneven channels, shifting injury and environmental harm across international borders. This circuit is perpetuating inequality and environmental injustice in the Lower Mekong. To demonstrate this claim, we analyse the electricity sector at numerous scales and locationsthe urban scale in Bangkok, the country scale of Thailand and then Laos and the local community scale in Laos. We then discuss by what means various material and social processes and actors at these different scales form this circuit. Looking at circuits of power allows us to link the story of electricity consumption with that of production, with an emphasis on their extraterritoriality, multiplicity and boundaries. Our findings illustrate the effects of this circuit on spaces far from a thought-of urban area. Furthermore, we demonstrate the ways in which these effects have produced inequality and injustice across borders.

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The Characteristics of Urban Heat Island in Bangkok, Thailand

Cited by 58 publications

References 8 publications

How much has urbanisation affected United Kingdom temperatures?

How much has urbanisation affected United Kingdom temperatures?

Planning Nature-Based Solutions for Urban Flood Reduction and Thermal Comfort Enhancement

Circuits of power: Environmental injustice from Bangkok's shopping malls to Laos’ hydropower dams

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