The Characterization of Fatigue Damage of 316L Stainless Steel Parts Formed by Selective Laser Melting with Harmonic Generation Technique

Qiao, Rui; Yan, Xiaohui

doi:10.3390/ma15030718

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(42 reference statements)

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“…Therefore, the ultrasonic nonlinear response of the complex dislocation structure in the fatigue process needs to be further explored. Qiao et al [ 51 ] carried out intermittent fatigue loading tests on 316L stainless steel specimens formed by Selective Laser Melting (SLM) and evaluated their fatigue damage using higher harmonic technology. The nonlinear ultrasonic testing system used in the test is shown in Figure 9 .…”

Section: Application Of Nonlinear Ultrasonic Testing Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“… TEM photos of fatigue specimen under different cycles [ 51 ]. ( a ) Dislocation line (10,000 times); ( b ) Dislocation tangle (20,000 times); ( c ) Dislocation vein (30,000 times); ( d ) Dislocation wall (40,000 times).…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“… SEM photos of fatigue specimen under different cycles [ 51 ]. ( a ) 30,000 times; ( b ) 40,000 times; ( c ) 50,000 times; ( d ) 68,000 times.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Research Progress in Nonlinear Ultrasonic Testing for Early Damage in Metal Materials

2023

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There are some limitations when conventional ultrasonic testing methods are used for testing early damage in metal parts. With the continuous development of acoustics and materials science, nonlinear ultrasonic nondestructive testing technology has been used for testing of early damage in metal materials. In order to better understand the basic theory and research progress of the nonlinear ultrasonic testing technology, the classical nonlinear ultrasonic theoretical models, including the dislocation monopole model, dislocation dipole model, precipitate-dislocation pinning model, and contact nonlinear ultrasonic theory-microcrack model, are analyzed in depth. This paper introduces the application and research progress of nonlinear ultrasonic detection technology, which is derived from different acoustic nonlinear effects, such as higher harmonic, wave mixing and modulation, sub-harmonic, resonance frequency spectrum analysis, and non-linear ultrasonic phased array imaging. The key technologies and problems are summarized to provide a reference for the further development and promotion of nonlinear ultrasonic non-destructive testing technology.

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Section: Application Of Nonlinear Ultrasonic Testing Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Research Progress in Nonlinear Ultrasonic Testing for Early Damage in Metal Materials

2023

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“…Selective laser melting (SLM) [1,2] is a promising rapid prototyping technology that can be used to fabricate any complex structural part with a molding density of nearly 100%. In the past decade, its application has expanded from the original conceptual mold design to the aerospace, biomedical, and automotive fields.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Method for Early Fatigue Damage Diagnosis in 316L Stainless Steel Formed by Selective Laser Melting Technology

Yan

Tang

2023

Materials

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Early fatigue damage is an important factor affecting the service safety of 316L stainless steel parts formed by selective laser melting (SLM) technology. Nonlinear ultrasonic testing for early fatigue damage in SLM 316L stainless steel specimens was carried out. A new method for evaluation of early fatigue damage based on nonlinear ultrasonic testing was proposed. Empirical mode decomposition (EMD) was applied to the unsteady ultrasonic testing signal, and the signal was decomposed into multiple intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) that meet certain conditions; then, the specific IMF (ESI) containing the effective fatigue damage information was extracted. Lastly, fast Fourier transform (FFT) was applied to the specific IMF signal to obtain the required information to evaluate the damage in the measured part caused by fatigue. The results of nonlinear ultrasonic testing agreed well with transmission electron microscope experimental analysis and theoretical model of acoustic nonlinearity caused by dislocations. The change in nonlinear ultrasonic testing results reflected the generation and evolution of dislocation structure during the low-cycle fatigue regime of the SLM 316L stainless steel specimen and revealed the early fatigue damage mechanism of this metal part. Compared with the classical FFT method, the EMD-ESI-FFT method is more sensitive in identifying the early damage in SLM 316L stainless parts induced by fatigue loading, which is equivalent to improving the early fatigue damage identification and diagnosis ability and can better ensure the service safety of important metal parts.

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“…In the literature, this technique has been considered a potential non-destructive evaluation method for the study of the degradation phenomena in structures and components subject Metals 2024, 14, 11 2 of 17 to variable loads [18,19]. Moreover, studies on nonlinear techniques have shown that the first fatigue damage in metals is closely related to the nonlinear effects of ultrasound waves [20][21][22][23]. The ultrasound wave is substantially distorted during the propagation in the material such that it generates components of harmonics with a frequency greater than the fundamental, in which the amplitudes of the components of these harmonics depend on the elastic nonlinearity of the material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Situ Fatigue Damage Monitoring by Means of Nonlinear Ultrasonic Measurements

Saponaro,

Nobile

2023

Metals

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In the present work, the results of acoustic nonlinear response of ultrasonic wave propagation when monitoring the progress of damage induced by fatigue on notched C45 carbon steel specimens have been reported. Two ultrasound probes were fixed to the specimens during the tests. The input signal was sinusoidal type, while the corresponding ultrasound response signal was acquired and recorded at each stage of the test by means of a digital oscilloscope. A nonlinear frequency study was performed on the acquired data to evaluate the change in the second- and third-order nonlinearity coefficients of β1 and β2, respectively, on the tested specimens. Ultrasonic results were correlated to plastic strain at the notch tip in the initial phases of fatigue and stiffness degradation. The results showed a significant increase in second-order nonlinearity β1 in the early stages of fatigue life. Subsequently, starting from about 30–40% of the fatigue life, the nonlinearity of β1 increases. Before final failure, from 80 to 85% of fatigue life, the second-order nonlinearity further increases in the crack propagation stages. The nonlinear parameter of the third-order β2 was less sensitive to damage than the parameter β1, showing a rapid increase only starting from approximately 80 to 85% of the fatigue life. The proposed method proved to be valid for detective damage induced by fatigue and to predict the lifetime of metal materials.

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The Characterization of Fatigue Damage of 316L Stainless Steel Parts Formed by Selective Laser Melting with Harmonic Generation Technique

Cited by 11 publications

References 40 publications

Research Progress in Nonlinear Ultrasonic Testing for Early Damage in Metal Materials

Research Progress in Nonlinear Ultrasonic Testing for Early Damage in Metal Materials

A Novel Method for Early Fatigue Damage Diagnosis in 316L Stainless Steel Formed by Selective Laser Melting Technology

In Situ Fatigue Damage Monitoring by Means of Nonlinear Ultrasonic Measurements

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