The characterization of plant tissues by their lignin oxidation products

Hedges, John I.; Mann, Dale C.

doi:10.1016/0016-7037(79)90028-0

Cited by 798 publications

(654 citation statements)

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“…Low initial values of both the S:V and C:V lignin ratios indicated that the terrigenous fraction of the freshet DOM pool largely originated from woody gymnosperms (Hedges and Mann 1979), as expected for a large subarctic basin covered by extensive boreal forest. After only a 2 weeks incubation under ambient solar conditions, we observed changes in S R (increase of 184%) and SUVA 254 (decrease of 20%) that indicated a decrease in the average aromaticity and molecular weight of the DOM pool (Weishaar et al 2003;Helms et al 2008).…”

Section: Photoreactivity Of Mackenzie River Freshet Dommentioning

confidence: 57%

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Photodegraded dissolved organic matter from peak freshet river discharge as a substrate for bacterial production in a lake-rich great Arctic delta

Gareis

Lesack

2018

Arctic Science

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Lake-rich Arctic river deltas are recharged with terrigenous dissolved organic matter (DOM) during the yearly peak water period corresponding with the solstice (24 h day −1 solar irradiance). Bacteria-free DOM collected during peak Mackenzie River discharge was exposed to sunlight for up to 14 days in June 2010. As solar exposure increased, carbon and lignin concentrations declined (10% and 42%, respectively, after 14 days), as did DOM absorptivity (62% after 14 days), aromaticity, and molecular weight. Photochemical changes were on par with those normally observed in Mackenzie Delta lakes over the entire open-water season. When irradiated freshet DOM was provided as a substrate, no significant differences were observed in community-level metabolism among five bacterial communities from representative delta habitats. However, bacterial abundance was significantly greater when nonirradiated (0 day) rather than irradiated DOM (7 or 14 days) was provided, while cell-specific metabolic measures revealed that per-cell bacterial production and growth efficiency were significantly greater when communities were provided irradiated substrate. This complex response to rapid DOM photodegradation may result from the production of inhibitory reactive oxygen species (ROS), along with shifts in bacterial community composition to species that are better able to tolerate ROS, or metabolize the labile photodegraded DOM.Key words: circumpolar river delta, photodegradation, dissolved organic matter, bacterial metabolism, Mackenzie River.Résumé : Les deltas arctiques riches en lacs sont rechargés en matière organique dissoute (MOD) terrigène pendant la période annuelle de crue maximale correspondant au solstice (irradiance solaire 24 h jour −1 ). De la MOD sans bactéries collectée durant la pointe de crue du fleuve Mackenzie a été exposée à la lumière du soleil pendant 14 jours en juin 2010. À mesure que l'exposition solaire se prolongeait, les concentrations de carbone et lignine diminuaient (10 % et 42 % respectivement, après 14 jours), tout comme le pouvoir d'absorption de la MOD (62 % après 14 jours), son aromaticité et son poids moléculaire. Les changements photochimiques correspondaient à ceux normalement observés dans les lacs du delta du Mackenzie sur l'ensemble de la saison des eaux libres. Lorsque de la MOD de crue irradiée fut utilisée comme substrat, aucune différence significative n'a été observée quant au métabolisme au niveau de la communauté en comparant cinq communautés bactériennes issues d'habitats représentatifs du delta. Néanmoins, l'abondance de bactéries était considérablement plus grande lorsque de la For personal use only.MOD non irradiée (0 jour) a été fournie au lieu de la MOD irradiée (7 ou 14 jours), tandis que les mesures de l'activité métabolique spécifique aux cellules ont révélé que la production bactérienne par cellule et le rendement de croissance étaient considér-ablement plus élevés lorsque les communautés avaient accès au substrat irradié. Cette réaction complexe à la photodégradation...

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Section: Photoreactivity Of Mackenzie River Freshet Dommentioning

confidence: 57%

“…When considered together, S:V and C:V ratios indicate plant tissue origin (Hedges and Mann 1979;Goñi et al 1998), while the state of oxidative degradation is indicated by the ratio of acid to aldehyde phenols in both the vanillyl [(Ad/Al) V ] and syringyl [(Ad/Al) S ] groups (Jex et al 2014).…”

Section: Laboratory Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photodegraded dissolved organic matter from peak freshet river discharge as a substrate for bacterial production in a lake-rich great Arctic delta

Gareis

Lesack

2018

Arctic Science

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“…All the reported parameters are generated from the basic parameters V, S and C which are, respectively, the total yields (in milligrams) of vanillyl, syringyl and cinnamyl phenols obtained from the oxidation of 100 mg of organic carbon in the sediment sample (Hedges and Mann, 1979a). The parameter ~, which corresponds to (S + V), is used here as an indicator of the relative concentration of lignin in individual ~ent samples.…”

Section: Lignin Oxidation Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…()~ is used in preference to A (S + V + C) in the present study be-cause C values are not available for the Gulf of Mexico samples.) The parameters S/V and C/V (the latter only for Washington sediments) reflect the relative levels of woody and non-woody tissues from gymnosperm and angiosperm plants which occur in the deposits (Hedges and Mann, 1979a).…”

Section: Lignin Oxidation Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison of lignin and stable carbon isotope compositions in quaternary marine sediments

Hedges

Geen

1982

Marine Chemistry

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Heges, J.I. and van Geen, A., 1982. A comparison of lignin and stable carbon isotope compositions in quaternary marine sediments. Mar. Chem., 11: 43--53.Organic matter in four Quaternary sediment cores from the Gulf of Mexico and one core from the Washington State coast have been analyzed for lignin and stable carbon isotope compositions. Holocene sequences of all five cores contain organic matter with high relative abundances of IS c (~13C------19.0 to --22.50/o0 versus PDB) and low lignin concentrations, both of which are consistent with a marine origin. Distinctly lower 13C concentrations (813 C----24.0 to --25.50/oo ) occur in underlying glacial-age sequences from four of the five cores, including the core from the Washington coast where such trends are previously unreported. Although the carbon isotopic compositions of these Pleistocene sediments are typical of predominantly land-derived organic matter, they contain only about 5% of the lignin found in modern sediments of similar 813C from adjacent continental shelves. The lignin-poor organic matter in the glacial-age deposits appears to be either marine-derived or terrigenous material that likely was depleted in vascular plant debris at the time of deposition.

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“…C/N values from 4 to 10 are typical from organisms rich in protein (algae and microorganisms) [56][57][58]. Numerous authors have suggested that microorganisms may be significant in the formation of opal-A coralloids by aiding silica deposition [37,38,40].…”

Section: Elemental (C N Toc) and Stable Isotope Analyses Of The Cormentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical pyrolysis and stable isotope analyses reveal past environmental changes in coralloid speleothems from Easter Island (Chile)

Miller

Rosa

Morillo

et al. 2016

Journal of Chromatography A

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This study comprises an innovative approach based on the combination of chromatography (analytical pyrolysis and pyrolysis compound-specific isotope analysis (Py-CSIA)), light stable isotopes, microscopy and mineralogy analyses to characterize the internal layering of coralloid speleothems from the Ana Heva lava tube in Easter Island (Chile). This multidisciplinary proxy showed that the speleothems consist of banded siliceous materials of low crystallinity with different mineralogical compositions and a significant contribution of organic carbon. Opal-A constitutes the outermost grey layer of the coralloids, whereas calcite and amorphous Mg hydrate silicate are the major components of the inner whitish and honey-brown layers, respectively. The differences found in the mineralogical, elemental, molecular and isotopic composition of these distinct coloured layers are related to environmental changes during speleothem development. Stable isotopes and analytical pyrolysis 3 suggested alterations in the water regime, pointing to wetter conditions during the formation of the Ca-rich layer and a possible increase in the amount of water dripping into the cave. The trend observed for δ 15 N values suggested an increase in the average temperature over time, which is consistent with the so-called climate warming during the Holocene.The pyrolysis compound-specific isotope analysis of each speleothem layer showed a similar trend with the bulk δ 13 C values pointing to the appropriateness of direct Py-CSIA in paleoenvironmental studies. The δ 13 C values for n-alkanes reinforced the occurrence of a drastic environmental change, indicating that the outermost Opal layer was developed under drier and more arid environmental conditions.

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The characterization of plant tissues by their lignin oxidation products

Cited by 798 publications

References 7 publications

Photodegraded dissolved organic matter from peak freshet river discharge as a substrate for bacterial production in a lake-rich great Arctic delta

Photodegraded dissolved organic matter from peak freshet river discharge as a substrate for bacterial production in a lake-rich great Arctic delta

A comparison of lignin and stable carbon isotope compositions in quaternary marine sediments

Analytical pyrolysis and stable isotope analyses reveal past environmental changes in coralloid speleothems from Easter Island (Chile)

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