The characterization of the TFIIIA synthesized in somatic cells of Xenopus laevis.

Kim, Sang Hee; Darby, Martyn K.; Joho, Keith E.; Brown, Donald D.

doi:10.1101/gad.4.9.1602

Cited by 28 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…These genes generate two proteins which have different subcellular targeting information because they code for mRNAs with two sets of 5' termini or because the transcripts can be bifunctional (references 64 and the references within). Finally, some eukaryotic organisms produce two tissue-specific forms of a gene product because there are different tissue-specific transcription start sites (32). We are unaware of a precedent for there being an ATG at the beginning of an ORF that is never used.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

STP1, a gene involved in pre-tRNA processing, encodes a nuclear protein containing zinc finger motifs.

Wang¹,

Stanford²,

Silvers³

et al. 1992

Mol. Cell. Biol.

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STPI is an unessential yeast gene involved in the removal of intervening sequences from some, but not all, families of intervening sequence-containing pre-tRNAs. Previously, we proposed that STPI might encode a product that generates pre-tRNA conformations efficiently recognized by tRNA-splicing endonuclease. To test the predictions of this model, we have undertaken a molecular analysis of the STPI gene and its products. The STPI locus is located on chromosome IV close to at least two other genes involved in RNA splicing: PRP3 and SPP41. The STPI open reading frame (ORF) could encode a peptide of 64,827 Da; however, inspection of putative transcriptional and translational regulatory signals and mapping of the 5' ends of mRNA provide evidence that translation of the STPI ORF usually initiates at a second AUG to generate a protein of 58,081 Da. The STPI ORF contains three putative zinc fingers. The first of these closely resembles both the DNA transcription factor consensus and the Xenopus laevis p43 RNA-binding protein consensus. The third motif more closely resembles the fingers found in spliceosomal proteins. Employing antisera to the endogenous STP1 protein and to STP1-LacZ fusion proteins, we show that the STP1 protein is localized to nuclei. The presence of zinc finger motifs and the nuclear location of the STP1 protein support the model that this gene product is involved directly in pre-tRNA splicing.The genes encoding tRNAs can contain intervening sequences (IVS). In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, 10 families of tRNA contain IVS (66; for a review, see reference 9). The steps involved in removing IVS from pre-tRNAs have been the subject of numerous studies and are currently well described (for a review, see reference 9). The first step is endonucleolytic cleavage to remove the IVS. Cleavage is catalyzed by tRNA-splicing endonuclease, generating 5' half molecules containing 2',3' cyclic phosphates and 3' half molecules with 5' hydroxyl groups (51). The tRNA splicing endonuclease is composed of three dissimilar subunits (54), one of which is probably encoded by the essential SEN2 gene (23). The cognate half molecules are ligated in a second step by tRNA ligase, which catalyzes the phosphorylation and activation of the 3' half as well as the joining step (19,52). The ligase is a single-subunit enzyme encoded by the essential RLGI gene (52,53,71). The ligated molecule contains both 3' and 2' phosphates at the splice junction. The 2' phosphate is removed in the final step by a 2' tRNA phosphotransferase activity (44,45). The gene encoding this activity has not been identified. Thus, of the five peptides known to be required for pre-tRNA splicing in vitro, the genes encoding two, SEN2 and RLGI, have been characterized.There are a large number of yeast genes that when mutated result in inefficient removal of IVS from pre-tRNAs. These include RNAI (25,35) reaction (27). LOSI and STPI are unessential genes whose functions are also unknown.STPI was identified by searching for wild-type genes that when overexpressed would ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

STP1, a gene involved in pre-tRNA processing, encodes a nuclear protein containing zinc finger motifs.

Wang¹,

Stanford²,

Silvers³

et al. 1992

Mol. Cell. Biol.

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“…A switch to alternate promoters is also seen in female germ cells. For example, the Xenopus TFIIIA gene is transcribed from separate promoters in oocyte and somatic tissues (Kim et al, 1990). In mouse oocytes, the eIF-1A gene is preferentially transcribed from a proximal TATA-containing promoter, but during fertilization and early embryogenesis there is a gradual switch to a distal TATA-less promoter (Davis and Schultz, 2000).…”

Section: Patterns Of Gene Expression In Germ Cellsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Basic mechanisms for the control of germ cell gene expression

DeJong

2006

Gene

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“…A single gene encodes the oocyte and somatic forms of TFIIIA in Xenopus (Kim et al 1990). Only oocytes accumulate large amounts of this protein (Shastry et al 1984).…”

Section: Gene Diversion In the Family Of Oocyte Rna-binding Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin of several abundant proteins of amphibian oocytes

1992

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Previous studies indicate that the genes controlling cell-specific functions in extant metazoans derive from housekeeping genes of their unicellular ancestors. Traces of such relationships can be found in the gene families controlling signal reception at cell surfaces and light condensation in eye lens. We present other examples of gene remodeling taken in the field of germ cell-specific proteins. In amphibian oocytes several proteins contribute to edification of an efficient translation machinery for the future embryo. Some RNA components of this machinery have to be protected against degradation during growth of the oocytes in the ovary. The protective function is served by a small group of RNA-binding proteins deriving from universal transcription or translation factors. Several of those proteins are bifunctional.

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The characterization of the TFIIIA synthesized in somatic cells of Xenopus laevis.

Cited by 28 publications

References 42 publications

STP1, a gene involved in pre-tRNA processing, encodes a nuclear protein containing zinc finger motifs.

STP1, a gene involved in pre-tRNA processing, encodes a nuclear protein containing zinc finger motifs.

Basic mechanisms for the control of germ cell gene expression

Origin of several abundant proteins of amphibian oocytes

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